Fig. 2.

Effects of different aromatic amino acid combinations on vitronectin receptor, calcitonin receptor, and carbonic anhydrase II gene expression. Bone marrow macrophages were collected and spun at 1300 rpm for 8 min at room temperature, 660,000 cells were seeded in each well of the six-well plate with M-CSF (10 ng/ml) and RANKL (50 ng/ml). Different aromatic amino acid combinations were used to treat the cells during osteoclastic differentiation at a 50 μM concentration. Untreated cells were used as a control. a Amino acid combinations that down-regulated vitronectin receptor gene expression. b AA treatment groups that down-regulated calcitonin receptor gene expression. c AA combinations that down-regulated carbonic anhydrase II gene expression. Untreated cells were used as control (fold change of expression = 1). Results are expressed as geometric mean and geometric SEM for at least three independent experiments. *p ≤ 0.05, # p ≤ 0.01 and $ < 0.1