Fig. 4.

Effects of different aromatic amino acids on matrix metalloproteinase 9, cathepsin K gene expression. Isolated bone marrow macrophages: a Amino acid combinations (50 μM) down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene expression. b AA treatment groups (50 μM) that down-regulated cathepsin K gene expression. Untreated cells were used as a control (fold change of expression = 1). Results are expressed as geometric mean and geometric SEM for at least three independent experiments. $ < 0.1