Fig. 3.

Ice nucleation temperatures (°C) in vegetative (white bars) and reproductive (grey bars) shoots during different stages of reproductive development, from bud (b), to anthesis (a), and fruiting (f), in C. vulgaris, E. hermaphroditum and L. prcumbens are shown in comparison to mean values ±SD of frost resistance of vegetative (blue) versus reproductive (red) shoots. The box plots indicate the median (=second quartile; line inside the box) and extend from the first to the third quartile. The whiskers show at maximum the 1.5 fold interquartile range. Outliers are shown as black dots. Within a single species, significant differences in ice nucleation temperatures at different reproductive stages in reproductive shoots and vegetative shoots are indicated by capital and lower case letters, respectively.