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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Virus Res. 2014;88:111–159. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800098-4.00002-7

Figure 1. KSHV encodes a number of proteins that contribute to cell growth and transformation.

Figure 1

A) K1 is a transmembrane protein with a constitutively active immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif (ITAM) that activates signaling through SH2-containing proteins. K1 expression results in production of VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines. B) vGPCR is a constitutively active homolog of the IL8 receptor that results in activation of numerous cell signaling pathways and transcription factors to increase production of VEGF, VEGFR, and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. C) vIL6 is a functional homolog of human IL6 that can signal through shared IL6 pathways including JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K. This results in activation of multiple IL6 response elements and production of human IL6 and VEGF. D) K15 is a transmembrane protein with several tyrosine residues and SH2 and SH3 domains and in its cytoplasmic tail that are critical for K15’s interaction with cellular TRAFs and signaling through the MAPK and NFκB pathways. K15 signaling results in activation of numerous transcription factors and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and several human miRNAs that are involved in cell motility.