Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics among Patients Hospitalized for Incident HF (2005–2008)
| Overall N = 5,878 | Imaging test available N = 4,650 | Imaging test not available N = 1,228 | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Mean (SD) age in years | 73.4 (13.8) | 72.2 (13.9) | 78.1 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 3039 (51.7) | 2319 (49.9) | 720 (58.6) | <0.001 |
| Medical History, n (%) | ||||
| Acute myocardial Infraction | 350 (6.0) | 239 (5.1) | 111 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Unstable angina | 193 (3.3) | 140 (3.0) | 53 (4.3) | 0.02 |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 169 (2.9) | 131 (2.8) | 38 (3.1) | 0.61 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 318 (5.4) | 239 (5.1) | 79 (6.4) | 0.07 |
| Ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack | 421 (7.2) | 296 (6.4) | 125 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 977 (16.6) | 710 (15.3) | 267 (21.7) | <0.001 |
| Other thromboembolic event | 37 (0.6) | 25 (0.5) | 12 (1.0) | 0.08 |
| Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter | 1744 (29.7) | 1294 (27.8) | 450 (36.6) | <0.001 |
| Ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia | 85 (1.4) | 68 (1.5) | 17 (1.4) | 0.84 |
| Mitral and/or aortic valvular disease | 728 (12.4) | 510 (11.0) | 218 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 418 (7.1) | 302 (6.5) | 116 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | 179 (3.0) | 142 (3.1) | 37 (3.0) | 0.94 |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0.60 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 28 (0.5) | 24 (0.5) | 4 (0.3) | 0.39 |
| Pacemaker | 202 (3.4) | 141 (3.0) | 61 (5.0) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 3481 (59.2) | 2741 (58.9) | 740 (60.3) | 0.40 |
| Hypertension | 4536 (77.2) | 3484 (74.9) | 1052 (85.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1079 (18.4) | 845 (18.2) | 234 (19.1) | 0.48 |
| Hospitalized bleeds | 291 (5.0) | 200 (4.3) | 91 (7.4) | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 2037 (34.7) | 1583 (34.0) | 454 (37.0) | 0.06 |
| Chronic liver disease | 212 (3.6) | 173 (3.7) | 39 (3.2) | 0.36 |
| Baseline estimated GFR category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| > 130 | 13 (0.2) | 10 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | |
| 90–130 | 703 (12.0) | 610 (13.1) | 93 (7.6) | |
| 60–89 | 2107 (35.8) | 1704 (36.6) | 403 (32.8) | |
| 45–59 | 1255 (21.4) | 967 (20.8) | 288 (23.5) | |
| 30–44 | 831 (14.1) | 601 (12.9) | 230 (18.7) | |
| 15–29 | 343 (5.8) | 250 (5.4) | 93 (7.6) | |
| <15 | 64 (1.1) | 52 (1.1) | 12 (1.0) | |
| Dialysis | 150 (2.6) | 87 (1.9) | 63 (5.1) | |
| Missing | 412 (7.0) | 369 (7.9) | 43 (3.5) | |
| Baseline estimated hemoglobin category, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≥16.0 | 343 (5.8) | 299 (6.4) | 44 (3.6) | |
| 15.0 – 15.9 | 503 (8.6) | 419 (9.0) | 84 (6.8) | |
| 14.0 – 14.9 | 924 (15.7) | 747 (16.1) | 177 (14.4) | |
| 13.0 – 13.9 | 1083 (18.4) | 846 (18.2) | 237 (19.3) | |
| 12.0 – 12.9 | 1006 (17.1) | 777 (16.7) | 229 (18.6) | |
| 11.0 – 11.9 | 689 (11.7) | 502 (10.8) | 187 (15.2) | |
| 10.0 – 10.9 | 455 (7.7) | 339 (7.3) | 116 (9.4) | |
| 9.0 – 9.9 | 182 (3.1) | 131 (2.8) | 51 (4.2) | |
| <9.0 | 107 (1.8) | 76 (1.6) | 31 (2.5) | |
| Missing | 586 (10.0) | 514 (11.1) | 72 (5.9) | |
| Systolic blood pressure category, mmHg, n (%) | 0.02 | |||
| ≥180 | 250 (4.3) | 201 (4.3) | 49 (4.0) | |
| 160 – 179 | 571 (9.7) | 430 (9.2) | 141 (11.5) | |
| 140 – 159 | 1332 (22.7) | 1038 (22.3) | 294 (23.9) | |
| 130 – 139 | 1294 (22.0) | 1038 (22.3) | 256 (20.8) | |
| 121 – 129 | 857 (14.6) | 686 (14.8) | 171 (13.9) | |
| 110 – 120 | 1100 (18.7) | 866 (18.6) | 234 (19.1) | |
| 100 – 109 | 211 (3.6) | 168 (3.6) | 43 (3.5) | |
| <100 | 90 (1.5) | 69 (1.5) | 21 (1.7) | |
| Missing | 173 (2.9) | 154 (3.3) | 19 (1.5) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure category, mmHg, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| ≥110 | 110 (1.9) | 98 (2.1) | 12 (1.0) | |
| 100–109 | 197 (3.4) | 161 (3.5) | 36 (2.9) | |
| 90–99 | 475 (8.1) | 387 (8.3) | 88 (7.2) | |
| 85–89 | 370 (6.3) | 304 (6.5) | 66 (5.4) | |
| 81–84 | 457 (7.8) | 371 (8.0) | 86 (7.0) | |
| ≤80 | 4096 (69.7) | 3175 (68.3) | 921 (75.0) | |
| Missing | 173 (2.9) | 154 (3.3) | 19 (1.5) | |
| HDL‡ cholesterol category, g/dL, n (%) | 0.25 | |||
| ≥60 | 1057 (18.0) | 809 (17.4) | 248 (20.2) | |
| 50–50.9 | 1046 (17.8) | 840 (18.1) | 206 (16.8) | |
| 40–49.9 | 1471 (25.0) | 1167 (25.1) | 304 (24.8) | |
| 35–39.9 | 698 (11.9) | 546 (11.7) | 152 (12.4) | |
| <35 | 720 (12.2) | 577 (12.4) | 143 (11.6) | |
| Missing | 886 (15.1) | 711 (15.3) | 175 (14.3) | |
| LDL§ cholesterol category, g/dL, n (%) | 0.12 | |||
| ≥200 | 62 (1.1) | 55 (1.2) | 7 (0.6) | |
| 160–199.9 | 263 (4.5) | 206 (4.4) | 57 (4.6) | |
| 130–159.9 | 668 (11.4) | 522 (11.2) | 146 (11.9) | |
| 100–129.9 | 1362 (23.2) | 1087 (23.4) | 275 (22.4) | |
| 70–99.9 | 1789 (30.4) | 1411 (30.3) | 378 (30.8) | |
| <70 | 798 (13.6) | 610 (13.1) | 188 (15.3) | |
| Missing | 936 (15.9) | 759 (16.3) | 177 (14.4) | |
SD = standard deviation; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein