. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2014 May 17;155(8):1632–1648. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.05.015

Table 3.

Path a^*b: Brain mediators of temperature effects on pain.³

Brain Region (Brodmann Areas)	Coordinates (mm)			# of voxels p<.001	Vol (mm)	Mea a x b (std. err)	Cov (a, b)	Path a and Path b effects, if consistent across individuals	Nonpara-metric temperature effects model: Mean Path ab coeff. (std. err)	Mediation effect controlling for faces: Mean Path ab coeff. (std. err)


	x	y	z
Positive Mediators

Right Cerebelum Crus 2	52	-52	-44	108	864	0.004 (0.001)^***	0.014		0.006 (0.002)^*	0.0042 (.00)^***
Right Cerebelum VIII	28	-60	-48	61	488	0.003 (0.001)^***	-0.104		0.003 (0.001)^*	0.0041 (.00)^***
Left Parahippocamp al gyrus, contiguous with left cerebellum	-24	-52	-26	4422	35376	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.023		0.007 (.002)^*	0.0064 (.00)^***
Left Medial Temporal Pole	-36	14	-36	85	680	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.023		0.014 (.003)^**	0.0067 (.00)^***
Right temporal pole	48	-12	-46	15	120	0.002 (0.000)^**	0.012		0.004 (0.001)^**	0.0026 (.00)^***
Left temporal pole	-34	-20	-42	20	160	0.004 (0.001)^**	0.017		0.005 (0.002)^*	0.0044 (.00)^***
Right Fusiform Gyrus	36	-12	-40	16	128	0.002 (0.001)^**	0.011		0.005 (0.002)^*	0.0044 (.00)^***
Right Medial Temporal Pole	50	12	-26	461	3688	0.003 (0.001)^*	0.008	Negative a, Negative b	0.007 (0.002)^**	0.0041 (.00)^*
Right Hippocampus, parahippocamp us, Fusiform Gyrus	28	-40	-16	749	5992	0.005 (0.002)^***	0.005	Negative a, Negative b	0.007 (0.003)^*	0.0079 (.00)^***
Right Inferior Occipital Gyrus	40	-74	-16	319	2552	0.007 (0.001)^**	0.025		0.006 (0.002)^*	0.0083 (.00)^***
Left Superior Orbital Gyrus	-12	30	-22	14	112	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.015		0.004 (0.001)^**	0.0040 (.00)^***
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus p. Orbitalis, contiguous with left MPFC, rACC	-36	40	-4	805	6440	0.007 (0.001)^***	0.027		0.009 (0.002 ^***	0.0089 (.00)^***
Right Rectal Gyrus	6	32	-20	29	232	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.014		0.007 (0.002)^*	0.0034 (.00)^***
Left Calcarine Gyrus (BA18)	-6	-94	-10	129	1032	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.013		0.005 (0.002)^*	0.0078 (.00)^***
Right Cerebelum III	14	-32	-16	30	240	0.002 (0.001)^**	0.011		0.006 (0.002)^***	0.0043 (.00)^***
Left Middle Orbital Gyrus	-20	54	-16	94	752	0.006 (0.001)^***	0.02		0.006 (0.002)^**	0.0072 (.00)^***
Midbrain, hypothalamus	4	-12	-16	29	232	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.004		0.003 (0.002) n.s.	0.0050 (.00)^***
Left Insula Lobe, contiguous with caudate, putamen, left globus pallidus	-36	8	2	1702	13616	0.013 (0.002)^***	0.011	Positive a, Positive b	0.023 (0.003)^**	0.0150 (.00)^***
Right Insula Lobe	42	14	2	1971	15768	0.017 (0.03)^***	0.012	Positive a, Positive b	0.030 (0.004)^***	0.0178 (.00)^***
Right Middle Occipital Gyrus	36	-74	16	1686	13488	0.009 (0.002)^***	0.009	Negative a, Negative b	0.015 (0.003)^***	0.0103 (.00)^***
Right Middle Orbital Gyrus	46	52	-8	30	240	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.022		0.006 (0.002)^**	0.0063 (.00)^***
Right Thalamus	12	-14	0	220	1760	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.011		0.010 (0.004)^*	0.0081 (.00)^***
Right lateral PFC	38	42	-2	122	976	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.014		0.004 (0.001)^**	0.0056 (.00)^***
Right Middle Temporal Gyrus	58	-36	2	113	904	0.002 (0.001)^*	0.012		0.004 (0.001)^**	0.0030 (.00)^*
Left Superior Medial Gyrus	-10	70	6	42	336	0.003 (0.001)^**	0.009	Negative a, Negative b	0.006 (0.002)^**	0.0055 (.00)^***
Left Superior Temporal Gyrus	-62	-24	4	11	88	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.005		0.006 (0.002)^***	0.0046 (.00)^***
Area 17	-26	-72	6	19	152	0.003 (0.001)^**	0.011		0.005 (0.002)^**	0.0044 (.00)^***
Left Middle Temporal Gyrus	-56	-38	8	22	176	0.002 (0.001)^***	0.004		0.003 (0.001)^*	0.0031 (.00)^*
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus	44	42	20	119	952	0.004 (0.001)^*	0.008	Positive a, Positive b	0.004 (0.001)^**	0.0056 (.00)^***
Right Precuneus	12	-52	18	57	456	0.002 (0.001)^***	0.005	Negative a, Negative b	0.004 (0.002) n.s.	0.0035 (.00)^***
Right SII, SupraMarginal Gyrus	56	-24	24	139	1112	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.005	Positive a, Positive b	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.0069 (.00)^***
Posterior cingulate cortex	0	-40	18	29	232	0.002 (0.000)^***	0.008		0.004 (0.001)^*	0.0038 (.00)^***
Left Cuneus	-4	-84	34	328	2624	0.004 (0.001)^***	0.017		0.002 (0.002) n.s.	0.0061 (.00)^***
Left Cuneus	-14	-56	22	75	600	0.002 (0.001)^***	0.008		0.008 (0.001) n.s.	0.0040 (.00)^***
Left SII, SupraMarginal Gyrus	-58	-30	24	127	1016	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.009	Positive a, Positive b	0.008 (0.002)^**	0.0078 (.00)^***
Left Postcentral Gyrus (Area 3b)	-60	-4	28	65	520	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.014		0.007 (0.003)^**	0.0063 (.00)^***
Left Precentral Gyrus	-48	-2	24	14	112	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.008		0.003 (0.001)^*	0.0041 (.00)^**
Left Middle Frontal Gyrus	-30	22	30	20	160	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.013		0.001 (0.001) n.s.	0.0029 (.00)^*
Right Middle Cingulate Cortex	4	10	40	434	3472	0.013 (0.003)^***	0.006	Positive a, Positive b	0.016 (0.005)^**	0.0156 (.00)^***
Right Superior Frontal Gyrus	20	22	38	29	232	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.009		0.004 (0.001)^*	0.0040 (.00)^***
Left Superior Medial Gyrus	-4	26	52	198	1584	0.004 (0.001)^***	0.014		0.013 (0.003)^***	0.0062 (.00)^***
Left Precentral Gyrus (BA6)	-54	-2	46	69	552	0.004 (0.001)^***	0.007		0.005 (0.002)^**	0.0048 (.00)^***
RightPrecentral Gyrus (BA6)	48	-10	52	226	1808	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.012		0.008 (0.004) n.s.	0.0072 (.00)^**
RightPrecentral Gyrus	52	8	50	70	560	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.013		0.007 (0.002)^**	0.0082 (.00)^***
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus	32	22	44	40	320	0.002 (0.001)^**	0.006		0.001 (0.001) n.s.	0.0035 (.00)^**
Left Superior Parietal Lobule	-34	-70	52	70	560	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.009	Negative a, Negative b	0.002 (0.002) n.s.	0.0046 (.00)^***
Left Paracentral Lobule (BA4a)	0	-24	66	598	4784	0.008 (0.002)^***	0.016	Negative a, Negative b	0.009 (0.005)^*	0.0106 (.00)^***
Left Precuneus	-2	-56	60	141	1128	0.003 (0.001)^***	0.013		0.005 (0.002)^*	0.0050 (.00)^***
Right Superior Parietal Lobule	38	-58	64	74	592	0.002 (0.001)^***	0.006		0.004 (0.002)^*	0.0047 (.00)^***
Left Precuneus	-14	-72	62	9	72	0.002 (0.000)^***	0.006		0.001 (0.001) n.s.	0.0029 (.00)^**
Right SMA (BA6)	14	8	68	297	2376	0.006 (0.002)^***	0.038	Positive a, Positive b	0.004 (0.002)^*	0.0081 (.00)^***
Right Postcentral Gyrus (BA1)	24	-42	68	70	560	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.003	Positive a, Positive b	0.010 (0.003)^***	0.0072 (.00)^***
Left Precuneus	-10	-66	66	6	48	0.002 (0.001)^***	0.008		0.003 (0.002) n.s.	0.0030 (.00)^**
RightPrecentral Gyrus	26	-14	70	68	544	0.005 (0.001)^***	0.013	Positive a, Positive b	0.002 (0.002) n.s.	0.0065 (.00)^***
Negative Mediators
Left Rectal Gyrus	65	-2	18	-24	15	-0.002 (0.001)^***	0.000		-0.003 (0.002)^*	-0.0028 (.00)^**
Left midbrain, hippocampus	66	-16	-16	-14	10	-0.001 (0.000)^***	-0.006		-0.003 (0.001)^***	-0.003 (.00)^***
Left Superior Frontal Gyrus	68	-22	32	30	21	-0.002 (0.001)^***	-0.001		-0.004 (0.001)^**	-0.004 (.00)^***
Right Middle Frontal Gyrus	69	26	48	36	22	-0.009 (0.001)^***	-0.008		-0.004 (0.002)^**	-0.005 (.00)^***

NOTE: This table presents results from Path a*b of the multi-level mediation analysis presented as a path diagram in Figure 1. Mediation effect parametric mapping results are presented in Figure 4.

^***

p < .001

^**

p < .01

p < .05