Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 Apr 12;148(2):726–732. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.09.080

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Panel A describes the direct effect of independent variable (X) on dependent variable (Y) denoted as C. Panel B describes the effect of X on Y through a mediator (M) where the association between X and M is denoted as ‘a’, association between M and Y is denoted as ‘b’ and association of X and M to Y is denoted as Ć, such that C = Ć + ab