Table 1.
Population characteristics
| Characteristic | Pre-eclampsia (n = 158) |
No pre-eclampsia (n = 468) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age at sample collection (weeks) | |||
| Enrolment (first-trimester) | 11.4 (10.4–12.3) | 11.6 (10.6–12.3) | 0.62 |
| 15–18 weeks of gestation | 16.6 (16.0–17.4) | 16.4 (16.0–17.0) | 0.06 |
| 23–26 weeks of gestation | 24.7 (24.0–25.7) | 24.7 ( 24.0–25.6) | 0.54 |
| Maternal age (years) | 22 (19–25) | 22 (19–26) | 0.88 |
| Race | 0.019 | ||
| African American | 51 (32.3) | 103 (22.0) | |
| Hispanic | 49 (31.0) | 145 (31.0) | |
| Caucasian/other | 58 (36.7) | 220 (47.0) | |
| Previous pregnancy (< 20 weeks) | 34 (21.5) | 97 (20.7) | 0.83 |
| Family history of pre-eclampsia | 21 (13.3) | 64 (13.7) | 0.90 |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 26 (16.5) | 79 (16.9) | 0.90 |
| BMI at enrolment | 26.7 (22.9–31.6) | 23.5 (21.4–27.6) | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure at enrolment | |||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 112 (108–120) | 107 (100–115) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 68 (60–72) | 64 (60–70) | < 0.001 |
| Treatment group | 0.79 | ||
| Vitamins C and E | 83 (52.5) | 240 (51.3) | |
| Placebo | 75 (47.8) | 228 (48.7) | |
Data presented as n (%) or median (25–75th centile).