Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Econ Hum Biol. 2012 May 4;11(3):294–309. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2012.04.010

Table 7.

Urban–rural disparities in child health status by gender.

Child health and nutritional status
Height-for-age Z score Weight-for-age Z score Stunted Underweight
Coef. Coef. Odds ratio Odds ratio
Panel 1: Multivariate analyses with interaction terms between URBAN dummy and gender
Urban 0.30*** (0.05) 0.22*** (0.04) 0.63*** (0.08) 0.83 (0.21)
Urban × Girl −0.04 (0.06) −0.08* (0.04) 0.99 (0.16) 0.55* (0.19)
Girl 0.05 (0.03) 0.05* (0.03) 0.92 (0.06) 1.26* (0.16)
Observations 13,011 13,011 13,011 12,790
(Pseudo) R2  0.25  0.22  0.14  0.16
Child health and nutritional status
Height-for-age Z score Weight-for-age Z score Stunted Underweight
Coef. of urban Coef. of urban Odds ratio Odds ratio of urban
Panel 2: Multivariate analyses separately for boys and girls
Child gender
 Girl 0.25*** (0.05) 0.15*** (0.05) 0.60*** (0.09) 0.48** (0.15)
 Boy 0.30*** (0.05) 0.21*** (0.04) 0.65*** (0.08) 0.75 (0.21)

Notes: (i) Cluster-robust standard errors are reported in parenthesis. (ii) Each cell in Panel 2 represents a cross-sectional regression, and we only report the coefficients of URBAN dummy here. (iii) Other control variables include child’s characteristics as age, gender, nationality, and student status; household characteristics as household income, gender of household head, and household size; mother’s characteristics if present in the survey, such as mother’s age, height, BMI, education, employment status, smoking and drinking behavior, and an indicator for the presence of mother in the survey; father’s characteristics if present in the survey, such as father’s age, height, BMI, education, employment status, smoking and drinking behavior, and an indicator for the presence of father in the survey; indicators of provinces; and a constant (for continuous dependent variables), which are not reported here.

*

p < 0.10.

**

p < 0.05

***

p < 0.01.