. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 21.

Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2013 Mar 7;85(6):3036–3049. doi: 10.1021/ac303636s

Table 3.

Early Fish Nanotoxicity Studies, Including Assayed Toxicity Markers and Results

model system	nanoparticle	dose range	toxicity markers	results	ref
largemouth bass	C₆₀	0–1 ppm	lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, glutathione	lipid peroxidation localized in brain	116
fathead minnow	C₆₀	0–1 ppm	mRNA and protein oxidative stress markers	observed toxicity due to solvent	117
Japanese medaka	C₆₀	0–1 ppm	mRNA and protein oxidative stress markers	no toxicity observed	117
rainbow trout	SWCNT	0–0.5 mg/L	ventilation rate, oxidative stress, mucus formation, hemoglobin, osmoregulation, histopathology	increased aggressive behavior, gill irritation, some changes in brain pathology	118
rainbow trout	TiO₂	0–1.0 mg/L	ventilation rate, oxidative stress, mucus formation, hemoglobin, osmoregulation, histopathology	some irritation and oxidative stress	119
zebrafish	C₆₀	0–6 mg/L	gene microarrays	toxicity observed the result of solvent	120