Table 1.

Definitions and application suggestions for basic exercise principles that may be incorporated into dysphagia rehabilitation programs.

Principle	Definition	Application
Overload	Exercise at sufficient intensity, time and frequency to challenge muscle and create muscle change	Increase total time or load used in training
Progression	Systematically increasing the intensity (load) and demands (time/frequency) spent in exercise	Continually and gradually increase the demands of the exercise activity applied-perform more repetitions, increase the load, go faster
Intensity	The load used in an exercise	Alter the amount pushed, pulled or lifted in exercise
Adaptation	Repeatedly practicing a movement, skill or task to alter muscle condition	Use continued (regular) practice of a particular exercise pattern
Reversibility	The effect of exercise training on muscle will be lost with lack of activity	"If you don't use it, you lose it" – a maintenance plan is needed to prevent detraining
Specificity	Exercise should be specific to the goal	If your goal is to be a runner then exercise should include running.
Recovery	Rest between repetitions of movement or sets of strength training exercises	Ensure sufficient rest between activity to reduce fatigue and stabilize muscle