Table 2.
Antioxidant-deficient rodent models displaying eye phenotypes
| Gene | Antioxidant deficiency | Eye Phenotypes |
|---|---|---|
| Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) | Cytosolic CuZn-SOD | Homozygous mutants are sensitive to diabetes-induced cataracts formation.37 |
| Superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) | Mitochondrial Mn-SOD | Homozygous mutants show retinal pathologies before they die by 2.5 weeks.35 |
| Superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3) | Extracellular CuZn-SOD | Homozygous mutants show age-related loss of corneal endothelial cells and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced inflammatory endothelial damage.34 |
| Glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) | Cellular GPX | Homozygous mutants show progressive lens pathologies with age and develop mature cataracts after 15 months.42 |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (Aldh3a1) | ALDH3A1 | Homozygous mutants develop cataracts and punctate opacities in lens cortex by 1 month.56 |
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (Aldh1a1) | ALDH1A1 | Homozygous mutants develop cataracts at 6–9 months of age.56 |
| Aldh3a1 and Aldh1a1 | ALDH3A1 and ALDH1A1 | Homozygous double mutants develop cataracts and punctate opacities in lens cortex by 1 month.56 |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase1 (Ggt1) | GSH | Homozygous mutants develop bilateral cataracts by 2–3 months of age.81 |