Red-light stimulated locomotion of animals expressing IlaC22 k27 in C. elegans cholinergic neurons (Punc-17:ilaC). (A) When exposed to environmental light on an agar surface, transgenic Punc-17:ilaC animals have higher frequency of anterior body bends relative to wild-type animals (two-tailed Student t test, **P < 0.001, n ≥ 12). (B) Red (650 nm) light increases the number of body bends performed on an agar surface by Punc-17:ilaC animals (two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test, §P < 0.05, n = 11). (C) Red light increases the thrashing rate in liquid of Punc-17:ilaC animals (two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test, §P < 0.05). After reexposure to green light (532 nm; 61- to 120-s interval), Punc-17:ilaC animals thrash slower compared with their first green light exposure (two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum test, §§P < 0.005) and compared with wild-type controls (two-tailed Student t test, *P < 0.05, n ≥ 20). Two transgenic strains were analyzed, both showing similar results. Analysis of body bends on an agar surface was performed on the strain NQ721 and analysis of the thrashing rate in liquid was performed on the strain NQ719.