Fig. 1.

Development of the blast model and testing paradigm. (A) Schematic of the blast tube setup. (B) Mice are held in a harness that is on a mobile frame to reduce the degree of tertiary blast injury from the animals striking the harness. (C) The fraction of animals that survive at each pressure tested showing that 20 psi led to 60% survival, and 25 psi led to 10% survival. (D) Gross examination of organs from 20 psi indicates significant lung injury along with small hemorrhages in the other major organs. (E) Gross examination of the organs at 25 psi shows far more extensive hemorrhaging in all of the organs. (F) Schematic of the blast experiment. Immediately following the blast trauma, the particles are administered i.v. by retro-orbital injection.