Extended Data Figure 6. Parenting, mating and inter-male aggression of MPOA Th+ cell ablated fathers.

a, Th mRNA expression in the MPOA of Th+ cell ablated and control fathers b, Number of MPOA Th+ cells in ablation group compared to controls. Mean+SEM, t-test, ***P<0.001. c, Number of AVPe Th+ cells in MPOA targeted ablation. Mean+SEM, t-test, P=0.07. d, The number of MPOA Th+ cell loss compared to the Gal+ cell ablation experiments. One male had a failed Th+ cell ablation and was removed from the dataset hereafter. The Th+ cell loss is ~87% of the Gal+ cell loss. e, Behavior type of MPOA Th+ cell ablated fathers compared to controls. Fisher's exact test, P>0.6. f, Combined percentage of pups (out of two) retrieved by the Th+ cell ablation group as a function of time compared to the controls. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, P>0.9. g-i, Crouching, pup grooming and nest building in the Th+ cell ablated fathers and control. Mean±SEM. Mann-Whitney test, P>0.2. The control male with the longest pup grooming also has the longest nest building activity, but not the longest duration of crouching. j-l, Duration of mounting, latency to mount and duration of mounting with pelvic thrust of MPOA Th+ cell ablated males compared to control in a mating assay. Mean±SEM. Mann-Whitney test, P>0.3. m-o, Duration of attack, latency to attack and duration of grooming the intruder in MPOA Th+ cell ablated males compared to control in an inter-male aggression assay. Mean±SEM. Mann-Whitney test, P>0.3.