Table 4.
Observed combinations of β-lactamase and PMQR genes according to bacterial species
|
Combination of resistance genesa |
Outpatients |
Inpatients |
Dogs |
Cats |
Horses |
||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
% of bacterial species (no. of isolates) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EC | KP | KO | EN | OSb | EC | KP | KO | EN | OSb | EC | KP | KO | EN | OSb | EC | KP | KO | EN | OSb | EC | KP | KO | EN | OSb | |
|
TEM
Pen
/CTX-M |
50 (24) |
|
|
|
|
26.9 (25) |
12 (3) |
|
|
|
17.1 (6) |
|
|
|
|
20 (1) |
|
|
|
|
40.7 (35) |
|
|
|
25 (1) |
|
TEM
Pen
/CTX-M/PMQR |
|
25 (1) |
|
|
|
1.2 (1) |
|
|
25 (1) |
|
2.9 (1) |
|
|
|
|
20 (1) |
|
|
33.3 (1) |
|
8.1 (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
TEM
Pen
/CTX-M/OXA
Pen
|
2.1 (1) |
|
33.3 (1) |
|
|
2.2 (2) |
|
|
|
|
14.3 (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.8 (11) |
10 (1) |
|
|
|
|
TEM
Pen
/CTX-M/OXA
Pen
/PMQR |
4.2 (2) |
25 (1) |
|
|
|
8.6 (8) |
8 (2) |
|
|
|
8.6 (3) |
18.2 (4) |
100 (1) |
12.5 (1) |
|
20 (1) |
|
|
|
|
1.2 (1) |
40 (4) |
|
|
|
|
TEM
Pen
/SHV
Pen
/CTX-M/OXA
Pen
/PMQR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 (1) |
|
|
|
|
9.1 (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 (2) |
|
|
|
|
TEM
Pen
/SHV
Pen
/CTX-M/OXA
Pen
/OXA
Carba
/PMQR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.7 (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TEM
Pen
/CTX-M/OXA
Pen
/OXA
Carba
/PMQR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27.3 (6) |
|
|
|
|
50 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CTX-M/OXA
Pen
/PMQR |
8.3 (4) |
|
|
|
|
14 (13) |
12 (3) |
|
|
|
17.1 (6) |
|
|
|
|
20 (1) |
|
|
|
|
3.5 (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
TEM
Pen
/SHV
Pen
/OXA
Carba
/PMQR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37.5 (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CTX-M/PMQR |
|
|
|
|
|
2.2 (2) |
|
20 (1) |
|
|
5.7 (2) |
|
|
12.5 (1) |
|
|
|
|
33.3 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CTX-M/OXA
Pen
|
8.3 (4) |
|
|
|
|
6.5 (6) |
8 (2) |
|
|
|
2.9 (1) |
|
|
|
|
20 (1) |
|
|
|
|
8.1 (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
Other combinations |
2.1 (1) |
25 (1) |
|
|
|
3.2 (3) |
16 (4) |
|
|
|
|
22.7 (5) |
|
12.5 (1) |
|
|
50 (1) |
|
33.3 (1) |
|
|
20 (2) |
|
|
|
|
No resistance gene detected |
4.2 (2) |
|
|
|
|
14 (13) |
12 (3) |
|
50 (2) |
|
8.6 (3) |
|
|
12.5 (1) |
100 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
2.3 (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
Single resistance gene |
20.8 (10) |
25 (1) |
66.7 (2) |
|
|
21.5 (20) |
28 (7) |
80 (4) |
25 (1) |
100 (1) |
22.9 (8) |
|
|
12.5 (1) |
|
20 (1) |
|
|
|
1 |
23.3 (20) |
10 (1) |
|
|
75 (3) |
| Total no. of isolates | 48 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 93 | 25 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 35 | 22 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 86 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
EC, Escherichia coli; KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; KO, Klebsiella oxytoca; EN, Enterobacter cloacae; OS, Other species.
aTEMPen, TEM Penicillinase, OXAPen, OXA Pencillinase, OXACarba, OXA Carbapenemase, SHVPen, SHV Penicillinase.
bOther species include Enterobacter intermedius (n = 2). Enterobacter gergoviae (n = 1), Citrobacter freundii (n = 1), and Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), Providencia stuartii (n = 1), Morganella morganii (n = 1).