Table 1. Descriptive information of the dependent, independent and confounding variables.
| Age | Educational attainment | P-value | |||
| Variables | Low | Medium | High | ||
| Gender (N, %) | 11 | 0.18 | |||
| Boys | 55 (51.4) | 650 (53.7) | 8.6) | ||
| Girls | 52 (48.6) | 561 (46.3) | 163 (41.4) | ||
| Age (mean, SD) | 19 | 19.2 (0.66) | 19.0 (0.58) | 19.1 (0.56) | 0.01 |
| Parental educational level (N, %) | 11 | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 47 (44.3) | 279 (23.2) | 6.4) | ||
| Medium | 45 (42.5) | 486 (40.4) | 17.6) | ||
| High | 14 (13.2) | 438 (36.4) | 392 (76) | ||
| Family Composition (N, %) | 11 | <0.001 | |||
| 1 parent | 37 (34.6) | 262 (21.6) | 60 (15.2) | ||
| 2 parents | 70 (65.4) | 949 (78.4) | 334 (84.8) | ||
| IQ (mean, SD) | 11 | 87.9 (13.8) | 96.5 (13.1) | 110.8 (12.3) | <0.001 |
| Academic Performance (mean, SD) | 11 | 3.0 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| Physical Health (N, %) | 11 | 0.01 | |||
| Poor | 3 (2.8) | 18 (1.5) | 8 (2.0) | ||
| Medium | 11 (10.3) | 106 (8.8) | 23 (5.8) | ||
| Good | 93 (86.9) | 1087 (89.8) | 363 (92.1) | ||
| Externalizing problems (mean, SD) | 11 | ||||
| Self-report (YSR) | 10.2 (7.6) | 8.9 (6.4) | 7.8 (5.3) | <0.001 | |
| Parents' report (CBCL) | 9.5 (6.9) | 7.8 (6.4) | 5.3 (4.6) | <0.001 | |
| Internalizing problems (mean, SD) | 11 | ||||
| Self-report (YSR) | 13.0 (8.7) | 11.7 (7.5) | 11.2 (7.1) | 0.09 | |
| Parents' report (CBCL) | 8.3 (6.6) | 7.9 (6.1) | 7.3 (5.9) | 0.15 | |
| Attention problems (mean, SD) | 11 | ||||
| Self-report (YSR) | 4.9 (2.8) | 4.5 (2.8) | 3.9 (2.4) | <0.001 | |
| Parents' report (CBCL) | 5.8 (3.8) | 4.5 (3.3) | 2.3 (2.1) | <0.001 | |
| Externalizing problems (mean change since 11, SD) | 16 | ||||
| Self-report (YSR) | 3.0 (8.9) | 1.5 (7.7) | 0.3 (6.3) | <0.001 | |
| Parents' report (CBCL) | 1.3 (7.2) | −1.6 (6.1) | −1.7 (4.4) | <0.001 | |
| Internalizing problems (mean change since 11, SD) | 16 | ||||
| Self-report (YSR) | 1.1 (10.9) | −1.8 (8.3) | −2.0 (7.8) | 0.71 | |
| Parents' report (CBCL) | 0.3 (6.2) | −1.6 (6.0) | −2.2 (5.9) | 0.01 | |
| Attention problems (mean change since 11, SD) | 16 | ||||
| Self-report (YSR) | 1.2 (3.7) | 0.9 (3.3) | 0.8 (3.1) | 0.52 | |
| Parents' report (CBCL) | −0.9 (3.1) | −0.9 (3.1) | −0.5 (2.1) | 0.05 |
Chi-square tests are performed for categorical variables and one-way ANOVA analyses for continuous variables.