Table 3. Multivariable random intercept logistic regression models with psychological and social work factors averaged across time ([T1+T2]/2) as predictors of mental distress above the cut-off for "caseness" at T2^a.

Exposure	N	OR	99% CI
Quantitative demands	3008	1.21	0.87–1.68
Decision demands	2910	0.78	0.52–1.16
Decision control	2864	0.58	0.39–0.86***
Control over work intensity	3086	0.85	0.67–1.07
Role conflict	3106	2.08	1.45–3.00***
Role clarity	3121	0.57	0.41–0.78***
Support from immediate superior	3049	0.56	0.43–0.72***
Empowering leadership	3111	0.64	0.51–0.81***
Fair leadership	3037	0.52	0.40–0.68***
Predictability during the next month	3115	0.65	0.47–0.90***
Predictability during the next two years	2680	0.85	0.66–1.09
Rumors of change	3111	1.32	1.06–1.63***
Organizational procedural injustice	2663	1.30	1.01–1.66**
Commitment to organization	3045	0.65	0.50–0.86***
Positive challenge	2797	0.60	0.41–0.86***
Human resource primacy	2861	0.53	0.38–0.74***
Social climate	3050	0.43	0.31–0.61***
Experienced bullyingb	2780
Not bullied T1 or T2		ref
Bullied T1 only		2.14	0.77–5.95
Bullied T2 only		3.37	1.45–7.82***
Bullied both T1 and T2		4.44	1.15–17.07**
Observed byllyingb	3073
Not observed T1 or T2		ref
Observed T1 only		1.05	0.50–2.19
Observed T2 only		2.41	1.28–4.52***
Observed both T1 and T2		2.24	0.98–5.13

^aSeparate regressions were run for each factor and subjects reporting mental distress at baseline were excluded. Age, sex, skill level, and mental distress at T1 as a continuous variable were included in all regressions.

^bResponse categories were yes/no.

**p<.01.

***p<.0005, which was the bonferroni-adjusted threshold of statistical significance.