Table 3.
Results of multivariate analysis (odds ratio) for couples who desire more children in rural Ethiopia, 2011
| |
Model I (gross effect) |
Model II (net effect) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | S.E. | Exp (β) | B | S.E. | Exp (β) | |
|
Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Orthodox Christian (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Muslim |
1.76 |
0.32 |
5.84*** |
2.80 |
0.41 |
16.42*** |
|
Education |
|
|
*** |
|
|
* |
| Illiterate (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Only read and write |
-0.37 |
0.30 |
0.69 |
-0.42 |
0.48 |
0.66 |
| 1-4 |
1.10 |
0.30 |
2.99*** |
1.12 |
0.39 |
3.08** |
| 5+ |
0.57 |
0.32 |
1.77 |
0.471 |
0.45 |
1.60 |
|
Exposure to media |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Some times |
-0.16 |
0.15 |
0.86 |
-0.23 |
0.21 |
0.81 |
| Frequently |
-0.50 |
0.31 |
0.61 |
-0.47 |
0.48 |
0.63 |
|
Knowledge of FP methods |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Medium |
-0.10 |
0.39 |
0.90 |
1.01 |
0.66 |
2.74 |
| High |
0.049 |
0.42 |
1.05 |
1.16 |
0.71 |
3.20 |
|
Livestock and land unit |
|
|
*** |
|
|
** |
| Low (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Medium |
-0.26 |
0.17 |
0.77 |
0.67 |
0.24 |
1.95** |
| High |
-0.86 |
0.17 |
0.42*** |
0.66 |
0.25 |
1.93** |
|
Age group |
|
|
*** |
|
|
*** |
| 15-19 (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 20-34 |
-1.82 |
0.53 |
0.16** |
0.38 |
0.67 |
1.45 |
| 35-49 |
-3.56 |
0.54 |
0.03*** |
-0.65 |
0.71 |
0.52 |
|
Duration of marriage |
|
|
*** |
|
|
** |
| Short (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Medium |
-1.28 |
0.19 |
0.28*** |
-0.41 |
0.26 |
0.67 |
| Long |
-1.81 |
0.19 |
0.16*** |
0.47 |
0.34 |
1.59 |
|
Living children composition |
|
|
* |
|
|
*** |
| Sons > daughters (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sons = daughters |
-0.37 |
0.19 |
0.69 |
-1.40 |
0.26 |
0.25*** |
| Sons < daughters |
0.08 |
0.17 |
1.08 |
0.11 |
0.22 |
1.12 |
|
Under five mortality |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
-0.32 |
0.16 |
0.73 |
0.07 |
0.22 |
1.07 |
|
Number of living children |
|
|
*** |
|
|
*** |
| 0-2 (Ref) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3-4 |
-0.81 |
0.19 |
0.45*** |
-0.95 |
0.27 |
0.39*** |
| 5+ |
-2.41 |
0.20 |
0.09*** |
-2.85 |
0.37 |
0.06*** |
| Constant | -0.01 | 0.94 | 0.99 | |||
Note: Based on the couples’ record 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data was estimated.
*** = P < 0.001; ** = P < 0.01; * = P < 0.05 (***,**,*Indicate level of significance at specified level); Ref = reference category.