Figure 3. Response of Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants to Piezogaster reclusus and other herbivores.

Bars show the mean proportion (± SE) of encounters in which Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants attacked: (A) dead individuals of Piezogaster reclusus that were washed in water, methanol, or hexane to remove cuticular compounds, or (B) individuals of Dysdercus sp. that were treated with lanolin-extracted Piezogaster reclusus cuticular compounds or lanolin only as a control. Letters indicate significant differences from binomial GLMMs that included ant colony as a random effect.