Table 2. Active ingredients or metabolite included in the multi-residue analyses by beekeeping matrix (A = Acaricide; F = Fungicide; H = Herbicide; I = Insecticide; S = Synergist).
| Active ingredient or metabolite* | Class | LOQ (mg/kg) | ||
| Wax | Beebread | Honey | ||
| 2,4-D | H | 0.1 | – | 0.01 |
| Abamectin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Acetamiprid | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Aldicarb | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Alpha-cypermethrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Amitraz | A | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Azoxystrobin | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Bentazone | H | 0.2 | – | 0.02 |
| Benthiavalicarb | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Beta-cyfluthrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Bifenthrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Boscalid | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Captan | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Carbaryl | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Chlorpyriphos | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Chlorpyriphos-methyl | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Chlorothalonil | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Clothianidin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Coumaphos | A | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Coumaphos oxon * | A | 0.1 | 0.1 | – |
| Coumaphos phenolic* | A | 0.1 | 0.1 | – |
| Cyazofamid | F | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Cyfluthrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Cymoxanil | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Cypermethrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Cyproconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Cyprodinil | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| DDT | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Deltamethrine | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Dichlorprop-P | H | 0.1 | – | 0.01 |
| Difenoconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Diflubenzuron | I | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Dimethenamid-P | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Dimethoate | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Dimethomorph | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Dimoxystrobin | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Epoxiconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Esfenvalerate | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Ethofumesate | H | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.05 |
| Famoxadone | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Fenhexamid | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Fenoxycarb | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Fenpropidin | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Fenpropimorph | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Fipronil | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Flonicamid | I | 2 | 2 | 0.2 |
| Fluazinam | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Flufenacet | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Fluopicolide | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Flusilazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Heptenophos | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Imidacloprid | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Indoxacarb | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Iprodione | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Kresoxim-methyl | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Lindane | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Linuron | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| MCPA | H | 0.1 | – | 0.01 |
| Mecoprop-P | H | 0.1 | – | 0.01 |
| Metalaxyl-M | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Metamitron | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Metconazole | F | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Methiocarb | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Methoxyfenozide | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Metribuzin | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Penconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Pendimethalin | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Permethrin | I | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Picoxystrobin | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Piperonyl butoxide | S | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Pirimicarb | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Prochloraz | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Propamocarb | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Propiconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Propyzamide | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Pymetrozine | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Pyraclostrobin | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Pyrethrin | I | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Pyrimethanil | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Rotenone | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Spinosad | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | – |
| Spirodiclofen | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Spirotetramat | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Spiroxamine | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Sulcotrione | H | 0.1 | – | 0.01 |
| Tau-fluvalinate | IA | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Tebuconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Tebufenozide | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Tefluthrine | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Terbuthylazine | H | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Tetraconazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Thiabendazole | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Thiacloprid | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Thiamethoxam | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Thiophanate-methyl | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Trifloxystrobin | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| Zeta-cypermethrin | I | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.005 |
| Zoxamide | F | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |