Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Between-Individual (N=14,884) and Within-Family Samples (N=3,802).
| Variables | Between-Individual Sample | Within-Family Sample | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Mean(%N) | SD | Min | Max | Mean(%N) | SD | Min | Max | |
| Predictors | ||||||||
| Firstborn | (37.14%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (29.14%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Middleborn | (23.87%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (37.43%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Lastborn | (38.99%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (33.43%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Problem Behavior Composite | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| Controls | ||||||||
| Sibship Size | 3.05 | 1.40 | 2 | 15 | 3.35 | 1.53 | 2 | 14 |
| Family Education | 3.02 | 1.20 | 1 | 7 | 3.05 | 1.19 | 1 | 6 |
| Intact Family | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
| Family Income | 3.20 | 1.42 | 1 | 5 | 3.22 | 1.39 | 1 | 5 |
| Age | 15.66 | 1.74 | 11 | 21 | 15.63 | 1.69 | 11 | 21 |
| Male | (49.94%) | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | (50.10%) | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
| White | (51.44%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (54.81%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Black | (18.87%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (18.25%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| American Indian | (0.50%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (0.37%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Asian | (7.32%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (7.22%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Hispanic | (8.57%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (6.72%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Other Race | (13.31%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | (12.63%) | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ |
| Twins | (8.86%) | 0.28 | 0 | 1 | (35.66%) | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
| Mediating Variables | ||||||||
| Standardized PVT | 0.00 | 0.99 | -5.71 | 3.40 | -0.02 | 0.96 | -5.71 | 3.05 |
| GPA | 2.67 | 0.84 | 1 | 4 | 2.72 | 0.85 | 1 | 4 |
| Parental Presence | 17.70 | 3.39 | 3 | 22 | 17.73 | 3.28 | 3 | 22 |
| Parental Closeness | 8.29 | 2.00 | 1 | 13 | 8.32 | 1.97 | 2 | 13 |