Table 2.

External factors and preconditions before starting the implementation that can influence the implementation process

		Intensive	Linkage	Nivel
Characteristics of case management
Facilitating	Using existing non-dementia case management models as example	+
Impeding	Disagreement about content of case manager tasks		-	-
	Partners do not see the added value of a case manager who only mediates		-
	Speed of implementation depends on mentality and cultural values of the region		-
Time and other operational preconditions
Facilitating	Sufficient time to set up an organizational structure		+	+
Impeding	Professionals don't have innovation time; consensus among many collaboration partners takes time	-
	No clear guidelines for implementation		-	-
Human and financial resources
Facilitating	Retraining district nurses to become case managers facilitates collaboration with the GP as they have pre-existing partnerships	+
	Presence of a clear initiator of the implementation	+
Impeding	Proliferation of different types of case managers created friction among providers		-	-
	Lack of clarity about the role of the project leader (not knowing who is their superior)		-
Organizational conditions
Facilitating	Embedding case management in Mental Health Care promotes collaboration	+
	Embedding the multidisciplinary expert team in case management organization	+
	Good collaboration between case managers from competitive providers provides the opportunity to learn from each other		+	+
	Case managers from one provider all working in the same room enhances sparring and consultation		+
	Presence of a Board of Representatives to guide the dementia care network.		+	+
	Presence of fixed stakeholders at partners in the dementia care network whom case managers can contact	+		+
Impeding	Presence of competitive providers of case management within the dementia care network		-	-
	Different interests of the Board of Representatives; incomplete attendance during meetings; members without mandate to make decisions.		-
	Expert team doe not function properly; difficult to reach clinicians as members participate only a few hours per week.	-
	Lack of clarity about who is responsible for what aspects of implementation and collaboration		-
	Only incorporating dementia care partners with the strongest pre-existing relationships at the start	-

+ = facilitating factor, - = impeding factor, a blank cell means a factor was not extracted from interviews in regions within this model or the Nivel study.