Effects of suramin on Cx43 expression and function. (A,B) NRK cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of suramin for 30 min (A) or 300 μM suramin for the indicated time intervals (B). The cellular lysates were extracted and subjected to Western blot analysis of Cx43. The upper band represents phosphorylated Cx43 (p-Cx43), and the lower band indicates non-phosphorylated Cx43 (np-Cx43). (C,D) Effects of suramin on GJIC. NRK-E52 cells were treated with 300 μM suramin, 3 mM heptanol or 30 μM PPADS for 30 min. The micrographs of LY diffusion into cellular monolayer after scrape-loading were shown (magnification, ×200). (D) The distance of LY diffusion as shown in C. Results were expressed as cell layer of dye-coupled cells (mean ± SE, n = 13). #P < 0.01 versus control.