Table 4a.
Patient Characteristics Associated with Dyspnea Improvement by 5-point Likert Scale
| Variables | AOR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline dyspnea: very severely SOB | 33.85 | (9.43–121.52) | <0.001 |
| Baseline dyspnea: severely SOB | 7.61 | (3.74–15.49) | 0.45 |
| Baseline dyspnea: moderately SOB | 5.79 | (3.07–10.89) | 0.77 |
| Baseline dyspnea: mildly SOB | REF | REF | REF |
| Oxygen saturation | 0.97 | (0.92–1.03) | 0.29 |
| Preceding sign: fatigue | 0.55 | (0.30–0.99) | 0.045 |
| Jugular venous distention | 0.48 | (0.28–0.83) | 0.009 |
| New onset of heart failure | 0.99 | (0.55–1.77) | 0.97 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.77 | (0.45–1.33) | 0.35 |
| Chronic therapy: aspirin | 0.60 | (0.35–1.04) | 0.07 |
| Chest X-ray: pulmonary edema | 1.82 | (0.88–3.75) | 0.11 |
| First ECG: paced rhythm | 0.36 | (0.13–0.96) | 0.041 |
| First ECG: other abnormal rhythm | 0.47 | (0.21–1.08) | 0.076 |
| IV loop diuretic use | 0.41 | (0.14–1.18) | 0.10 |
| Transdermal nitroglycerin in the last 6 hours | 0.35 | (0.14–1.18) | 0.048 |
N = 387; c-index = 0.831
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; SOB = short of breath; ECG = electrocardiogram