Figure 2.
ROS production. Production of ROS by cells exposed to vehicle was similar to that of unexposed cells. Nontoxic concentration of Pd-NP induced a moderate, but not significant, change in ROS production in respect to unexposed and vehicle exposed cells, whereas cells stimulated by Pd(IV) ions showed a significant increase in ROS production (by 30% in respect to unexposed cells. P < 0.05).