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. 2014 Jul 15;2:e482. doi: 10.7717/peerj.482

Figure 1. The total metabolic cost of running is comprised of several components.

Figure 1

Parallel running refers to the task of running parallel to the surface whether that surface is level or inclined. The task of parallel running intrinsically requires bouncing perpendicular to the surface and that bouncing incurs a metabolic cost.