Tested path models for male respondents. Unstandardized coefficients are provided. LT AD-only = Binary indicator of lifetime alcohol dependence (with or without abuse) with no lifetime illicit drug dependence diagnosis. Covariates not shown included age at baseline, race (0 = White/European American, 1 = Black/ African American; American Indian/Native American; Asian/Pacific Islander; other), ethnicity (0 = non-Hispanic, 1 = Hispanic), and religiosity. a Indicates bivariate; direct association is nonsignificant. * p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.