Table 1.

List of North American species that have been reported to co-occur with Aedes j. japonicus in larval habitats and estimates of potential for interaction with the invasive species

Co-occurring species	Potential for interactiona	Evidence of negative effects on native species or larval competition?	Reference(s)
Aedes albopictus (Skuse)	+++	Some habitat segregation between the two species; Aedes japonicus inferior competitor in lab and field studies	7, 8, 10, 52
Aedes atropalpus (Coquillett)	+++	Reduction or elimination in rock pools and tires; Aedes japonicus marginally better competitor in lab studies?	4, 5, 8–11, 15, 35, 50, 94
Aedes hendersoni (Cockerell)	+	N/A	N/A
Aedes triseriatus (Say)	+++	Reduction in tires; little evidence of asymmetric competition in lab studies	1, 5, 11, 15, 35, 40, 45, 50
Anopheles barberi (Coquillett)	+	N/A	N/A
Anopheles punctipennis (Say)	++	Displacement in tires? (Unexpectedly absent in surveys)	103
Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Say)	+	N/A	N/A
Culex pipiens (Linnaeus)	+++	Reduction in some containers; little evidence of asymmetric competition in lab studies	35, 60
Culex restuans (Theobald)	+++	Reduction in tires and other artificial containers	5, 71
Culex salinarius (Coquillett)	+	N/A	N/A
Culex territans (Coquillett)	++	N/A	N/A
Culiseta melanura (Coquillett)	+	N/A	N/A
Orthopodomyia signifera (Coquillett)	++	N/A	N/A
Toxorhynchites rutilus (Dyar & Knab)	++	Predator on Aedes j. japonicus; evidence of negative impact on Aedes j. japonicus in lab and field studies	53, 71

^aLow (+) to high (+++) potential based on overlapping use of container types and high relative abundance of each species.

N/A, not available.