Fig. 1.

Phenotypic characterization of atg5 leaves under different abiotic stresses. (A) Visible phenotypes of detached rosette leaves from 3-week-old wild-type (WT) and atg5 mutants under osmotic (50, 200, or 400mM mannitol), oxidative (5, 20, or 50mM H₂O₂), and salt (150, 300, or 450mM NaCl) stress conditions. (B) Cell death in WT and atg5 leaves under abiotic stresses, as shown by trypan blue staining. (C, D) The changes of total Chl levels (C) and ion leakage rates (D) in WT and atg5 leaves after abiotic-stress treatments in (A). Black and white bars indicate WT and atg5, respectively. DT, days of treatment. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. Student’s t-test (*P<0.05, **P<0.01). (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)