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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 22.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Signal. 2009 Sep 29;2(90):re7. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.290re7

Table 2.

Biological targets of electrophiles and the reactive amino acid residue(s). BMCC, 1-biotinamido-4-butane; IAB, N-iodoacetyl-N-biotinylhexylenediamine; NEPP, neurite electrophilic outgrowth–promoting prostaglandin.

Target Electrophile Reactive amino acid residue Selected references
NF-κB (human) 15-Deoxy-PGJ2
Nitroalkene Acrolein
Isothiocyanate		 Cys61
Unknown
Cys61, Arg307
Unknown		 (84, 122, 134)
(85)
(135, 136)
(137)
IκB (human) 4-HNE Unknown (137–141)
Keap1 (human) Isothiocyanate
4-HNE
15-Deoxy-PGJ2
Nitroalkene
IAB, BMCC
NEPP		 Unknown
Unknown
Cys273, Cys288
Unknown
Cys288
Cys151 		(142)
(143)
(92, 123, 124, 144)
(93)
(145)
(146)
PPAR (human) 15-Deoxy-PGJ2
Nitroalkenes
4-HNE		 Cys285
Cys285
His413 		(45)
(60)
(97)
TRPV1
TRPA1 (murine)		 Onion or garlic extract
Aldehydes or acrolein Isothiocyanate		 Cys157
Cys415, Cys422, Cys622
Cys619, Cys639, Cys663 		(101)
(99)
(100)
HSF (human) 15-Deoxy-PGJ2
4-HNE
Acrolein		 Unknown
Unknown
Unknown		 (104, 147)
(39)
(148)
PTP (human) Acrolein Cys215 (108)
MAPK (human) Isothiocyanate
4-HNE		 Unknown
Unknown		 (110)
(111)