Table 5.
Explanatory variable | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P |
---|---|---|---|
History of dyslipidemia (yes, no) | 3.2 | 1.06–9.8 | 0.04 |
Hypertension (yes, no) | 0.8 | 0.3–2.0 | NS |
Current tobacco use (yes, no) | 1.6 | 0.3–7.5 | NS |
Family history of cardiovascular disease (yes, no) | 1.3 | 0.5–3.2 | NS |
Body mass index (in kg/m2) | 1.01 | 0.95–1.07 | NS |
African American race (yes, no) | 4.6 | 1.1–18.6 | 0.03 |
Lifetime prednisone use >20 gm (yes, no) | 0.6 | 0.2–1.7 | NS |
Initiation of statin therapy (yes, no) | 0.7 | 0.2–2.5 | NS |
Disease duration | 1.03 | 0.98–1.09 | NS |
High PREDICTS score (yes, no)† | 27.7 | 10.6–72.7 | <0.001 |
Associations were determined by logistic regression. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; NS = not significant.
Variables include age ≥48 years, proinflammatory high-density lipoprotein levels ≥0.94 fluorescence units, leptin levels ≥34 ng/ml, soluble TWEAK levels ≥373 pg/ml, and homocysteine levels ≥12 μmoles/liter. A high Predictors of Risk for Elevated Flares, Damage Progression, and Increased Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (PREDICTS) score was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the risk factors or history of diabetes plus ≥1 of the risk factors.