Figure 1. Phenotype of 10- to 12-week-old YUC8 and YUC9 overexpression lines. (A-D) Both the YUC8ox and YUC9ox lines show strong secondary growth. In some cases, the epidermis cannot follow the increased radial growth and cracks open. (E) Compared with wild-type Arabidopsis (left), stem cross sections of YUC8ox and YUC9ox (right) show a substantially bigger diameter. (F) Dried at ambient temperatures, the overexpressors (right) lose less size than the wild type (left). (G-I) Qualitative phloroglucinol stain for lignin levels in wild-type (left) and YUC8 and YUC9 overexpression lines (right). The images show either YUC8ox or YUC9ox lines, since the phenotypes evoked by the 35S-driven constitutive overexpression of either of the genes are similar.