Figure 3.

Effect of trehalose-loaded liposomes on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced protein carbonylation in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were cultured to 80% confluence and pretreated with 100 μM of each stock solution [trehalose-containing liposomes, L-carnosine, L-(+)-ergothioneine, L-ascorbic acid and DL-α-tocopherol] for 24 h. HaCaT cells were subsequently exposed to 20 mJ/cm². The positive control cells received UVB radiation without any pretreatment. The cells that did not receive any form of pretreatment or UVB irradiation served as negative controls. Data represents the mean ± 1 SD from at least three independent experiments. Trehalose-loaded liposomes were significantly more effective in inhibiting PC compared to the other tested compounds (all ^*P<0.001). AU, arbitrary units.