Table 1.

Demographic and reproductive characteristics of couples (N = 154), by treatment group.

Characteristic	Mean ± SD or N (%)
	Clomiphene/IUI (N = 51)		Gonadotropin/IUI (N = 52)		Immediate IVF (N = 51)
	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male
Age at randomization	40.3 ± 1.3	39.6 ± 4.4	40.6 ± 1.2	40.0 ± 4.6	39.9 ± 1.4	40.1 ± 5.3
Caucasian	40 (78.4)	42 (82.4)	43 (84.3)	47 (90.4)	44 (88.0)	42 (87.5)
Hispanic	1 (2.1)	1 (2.0)	3 (6.0)	1 (2.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Current or past cigarette smoking	14 (27.5)	17 (33.3)	13 (25.0)	13 (25.0)	15 (30.6)	21 (45.7)
Household income:
< $60,000	3 (5.9)		3 (5.8)		3 (5.9)
$60,000–99,000	11 (21.5)		10 (19.2)		3 (5.9)
$100,000–139,000	13 (25.5)		10 (19.2)		12 (23.5)
≥ $140,000	23 (45.1)		29 (55.8)		32 (62.7)
Unknown	1 (2.0)		0 (0)		1 (2.0)
Female body mass index (kg/m2)	24.9 ± 4.8		24.9 ± 4.2		23.7 ± 4.5
Female reproductive history:
Prior use of oral contraceptives	43 (84.3)		43 (82.7)		40 (80.0)
Prior laparoscopy (< 1 year)	0 (0)		0 (0)		0 (0)
Absence of prior pregnancies	29 (58.0)a		21 (40.4)a		35 (68.6)a
Absence of prior live births	15 (30.0)		11 (21.2)		16 (31.4)
Cycle day 3 FSH (mIU/ml)	7.3 ± 2.2b		8.8 ± 2.7b		7.8 ± 2.4b
Cycle day 3 Estradiol (pg/ml)	46.7 ± 17.7		39.8 ± 14.3		44.7 ± 17.8
Male semen analysis:
Sperm concentration (M/ml)
Mean ± SD	72.5 ± 81.5		72.4 ± 57.0		78.4 ± 57.2
25th – 50th – 75th percentiles	36.0 – 55.5 – 87.0		33.0 – 54.0 – 101.0		41.0 – 76.0 – 104.0
Sperm motility (%)
Mean ± SD	64.1 ± 14.5		62.3 ± 12.0		64.5 ± 14.5
25th – 50th – 75th percentiles	57.0 – 63.5 – 74.0		54.0 – 64.0 – 71.0		55.0 – 67.0 – 76.0
Study site:
Boston IVF	48 (94.1)		47 (90.4)		46 (90.2)
Brigham and Women’s Hospital	3 (5.9)		5 (9.6)		5 (9.8)
Insurance company at randomization:
Blue Cross/Blue Shield of MA	28 (54.9)		39 (75.0)		32 (62.8)
Harvard Pilgrim Health Care	13 (25.5)		9 (17.3)		8 (15.7)
Tufts Health Plan	10 (19.6)		4 (7.7)		11 (21.6)

^aP = 0.01

^bP = 0.009