Table 5. Changes in Metabolic Profiles of HIV-infected (surviving) and HIV-negative patients.
| HIV-infected (n = 10) | HIV-negative (n = 44) | |||||
| Mean±SEM | p-value | Mean±SEM | p-value | |||
| Admission | 14-day | Admission | 14-day | |||
| Fatty Acid Metabolites | ||||||
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.72±0.16 | 0.24±0.06 | 0.0020 | 0.53±0.06 | 0.36±0.037 | 0.0723 |
| Total Ketones (µmol/L) | 948±362 | 39±14 | 0.0098 | 431±99 | 179±56 | 0.0256 |
| Acylcarnitines | ||||||
| C2 (µmol/L) | 25.2±5.2 | 7.2±0.8 | 0.0098 | 14.5±2.6 | 9.3±0.94 | 0.171 |
| C3 (µmol/L) | 0.50±0.11 | 0.65±0.11 | 0.275 | 0.36±0.03 | 0.67±0.06 | <0.0001 |
| C2/C3 Ratio | 60.6±14.7 | 13.4±2.0 | 0.0020 | 45.7±5.9 | 22.5±4.5 | <0.0001 |
| Even-Chain Acylcarnitine Molar Sum (µmol/L) | 27.1±5.5 | 8.2±0.9 | 0.0098 | 16±2.7 | 10.6±1 | 0.216 |
| Hormones | ||||||
| Insulin (µIU/ml) | 2.18±0.70 | 4.43±1.42 | 0.084 | 2.52±0.47 | 3.4±0.53 | 0.108 |
| Growth Hormone (ng/ml | 13.3±4.3 | 5.2±1.2 | 0.027 | 11.2±1.4 | 10.1±1.7 | 0.147 |
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 21.3±5.8 | 31.6±8.1 | 0.250 | 8.8±1.6 | 27.6±3.6 | <0.0001 |
| Total Ghrelin (pg/ml) | 2851±603 | 2439±570 | 0.084 | 4029±319 | 2692±303 | <0.0001 |
| GLP-1 (pg/ml) | 116.7±27.5 | 86.0±22.1 | 0.375 | 93.6±13.0 | 88.8±12.4 | 0.863 |
| PYY (pg/ml) | 916±118 | 893±112 | 1.0 | 1144±101 | 1011±78 | 0.100 |
| Cortisol (µg/dl) | 56.6±3.4 | 41.1±6.7 | 0.0625 | 45.3±2.8 | 38.3±3 | 0.0123 |
| Adipocytokines * | n = 7 | n = 44 | ||||
| Leptin (pg/ml) | 123.1±39.7 | 446±238 | 0.128 | 305±53.5 | 748.8±188 | 0.0011 |
| Total Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 8383±1569 | 10154±1815 | 0.297 | 15115±1093 | 20792±1329 | <0.0001 |
| HMW Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 5308±1259 | 5717±795 | 0.625 | 9350±748 | 14895±1245 | <0.0001 |
| Amino Acids | ||||||
| Amino Acid Molar Sum (µmol/L) | 1198±84.4 | 1850±145 | 0.005 | 1192±53.6 | 1944±80.5 | <0.0001 |
| Inflammatory Cytokines | ||||||
| IL-2 (pg/ml) | 5.0±2.6 | 2.2±0.6 | 0.477 | 2.5±0.5 | 1.8±0.2 | 0.255 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 49±32 | 3.4±0.7 | 0.0371 | 9.9±1.5 | 7.8±2.8 | 0.0256 |
| IL-8 (pg/ml) | 344±300 | 29.7±3.4 | 0.0645 | 50.6±9.0 | 41.7±4.4 | 0.638 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 38.3±7.1 | 34.7±5 | 0.922 | 37.5±10 | 32.5±4.5 | 1.0 |
| Other | ||||||
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 72.1±9.3 | 75.4±3.7 | 0.625 | 84.2±3.8 | 77.0±2.2 | 0.0634 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.32±0.06 | 0.36±0.11 | 0.910 | 0.25±0.03 | 0.32±0.07 | 0.694 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 3.2±0.4 | 4.2±0.2 | 0.086 | 3.4±0.2 | 4.6±0.1 | <0.0001 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 2.03±0.32 | 2.28±0.20 | 0.219 | 2.01±0.17 | 2.51±0.12 | <0.0001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 70.7±21.1 | 14.2±7.2 | 0.0391 | 26.8±5.7 | 9.9±4.1 | 0.0003 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 184±22.8 | 127±8.7 | 0.0391 | 124.3±12.7 | 127.7±11.2 | 0.416 |
*Excludes patients on ARVs.