Table 3. Summary of efficacy of NaG and MSG in reducing bitterness in adult and pediatric populations: analysis of the ranking data.

Bitter Agent	Blocker by Age Group
	NaG		MSG
	Children	Adults	Children	Adults
Urea	↓	↓	↓	↓
Caffeine	↔	↓	↔	↔
Quinine	↓	↓	↔	↓
Denatonium	↔	↓	↔	↓
PROP	↔	↔	↔	↔

Abbreviations: MSG, monosodium glutamate; NaGlu, sodium gluconate; PROP, propylthiouracil. ↓ signifies the blocker significantly reduced bitterness of a particular bitter agent as determined by Friedman statistical tests of ranks. ↔ signifies the blocker did not significantly reduce bitterness.