Table 3.
Clinical and demographic covariates in 107 patients undergoing radical cystectomy at Aarhus University Hospital (Denmark), 2011–2013. To analyze and test for statistical differences between groups, the following tests were used: rank-sum test (Wilcoxon) for categorical variables, Pearson’s two-sided χ2 test for proportions, and Student’s t-test for continuous variables
| Intervention n=50 |
Standard n=57 |
Difference | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.38 | |||
| Men, n (%) | 39 (78) | 40 (70) | ||
| Women, n (%) | 11 (22) | 17 (30) | ||
| Age, years | 0.48 | |||
| Mean (95% CI) | 69 (66–72) | 71 (68–73) | −2 (−5.0 to 2.4) | |
| Range | 46–85 | 47–91 | ||
| Maximum tumor stage, n (%) | 0.57 | |||
| T1 | 10 (20) | 14 (25) | ||
| T2 | 29 (58) | 25 (44) | ||
| T3 | 10 (20) | 14 (24) | ||
| T4 | 1 (2) | 4 (7) | ||
| Urinary diversion, n (%) | 0.61 | |||
| Ileal conduit | 44 (88) | 48 (84) | ||
| Orthotopic neobladder | 5 (10) | 7 (12) | ||
| Continent cutaneous reservoir | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | ||
| Surgical procedure, n (%) | 0.64 | |||
| Open surgery | 41 (82) | 44 (77) | ||
| Robot-assisted | 9 (18) | 13 (23) | ||
| Time (minutes) for surgical procedure | ||||
| Open surgery, mean (95% CI) | 257 (232–282) | 258 (236–281) | −1 (−35 to 32) | 0.90 |
| Robot-assisted, mean (95% CI) | 448 (341–555) | 426 (392–461) | 22 (−67 to 111) | 0.60 |
| Transfer pack SAG-M, mean (95% CI) | 3.24 (2.47–4.01) | 2.69 (2.0–3.41) | 0.50 (−0.49 to 1.6) | 0.30 |
| Pain, VAS 1–10, n (%) | 0.22 | |||
| 0, n (%) | 36 (72) | 45 (79) | ||
| 1–3 | 6 (12) | 8 (14) | ||
| 4–5 | 5 (10) | 4 (7) | ||
| ≥6 | 3 (6) | 0 | ||
| Comorbidity index score (age-adjusted), n (%) | 0.82 | |||
| 0, no comorbidity | 1 (2) | 0 | ||
| 1–2, low | 16 (32) | 14 (25) | ||
| 3–4, high | 23 (46) | 31 (54) | ||
| ≥5, severe | 10 (20) | 12 (21) | ||
| Nutritional risk score (NRS 2002), n (%) | 0.26 | |||
| ≥3, at risk | 14 (28) | 9 (16) | ||
| <3 | 36 (72) | 48 (84) | ||
| Body mass index | 0.77 | |||
| Mean (95% CI) | 26 (25–27) | 26 (25–27) | 0 (−2 to 1) | |
| Nutritional intake (preoperative) | ||||
| Energy (kJ), mean (95% CI) | 8897 (8,294–9,501) | 8,818 (8,111–9,986) | −79 (−846 to 1,004) | 0.85 |
| Protein (g), mean (95% CI) | 87 (81–93) | 86 (82–92) | −6 (−7 to 10) | 0.76 |
| Bowel function (Bristol 1–6)35, n (%) | 0.25 | |||
| 1–3 | 11 (22) | 15 (25) | ||
| 4–5 | 37 (74) | 39 (65) | ||
| ≥6 | 2 (4) | 3 (10) | ||
| Smoker, n (%) | 0.38 | |||
| Never | 10 (20) | 9 (16) | ||
| <5 years | 16 (32) | 12 (21) | ||
| ≥5 years | 5 (10) | 15 (26) | ||
| Present | 15 (30) | 18 (32) | ||
| Missing | 4 (8) | 3 (5) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.56 | |||
| Living with a partner | 31 (62) | 32 (56) | ||
| Living alone | 16 (32) | 21 (37) | ||
| Missing | 3 (6) | 4 (7) | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SAG-M, saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol; VAS, visual analog scale; T, tumor.