Table 3.

Proportion of Participants at Each Stage of Change for ACP Behaviors According to Experience with Others

	PC	C	PR	A/M	P-value
Medical Decision for Someone Who Died	n (%)
	Living Will
Yes	22 (21)	14 (13)	7 (7)	63 (59)	0.02
No	57 (29)	41 (21)	8 (4)	92 (46)
	Discussed Life-Sustaining Treatment with Loved Ones
Yes	23 (22)	7 (7)	4 (4)	72 (68)	0.04
No	60 (30)	19 (10)	11 (6)	108 (55)
	Discussed Quantity v Quality Life with Loved Ones*
Yes	30 (29)	8 (8)	6 (6)	61 (58)	0.001
No	92 (46)	22 (11)	2 (1)	82 (41)
	Discussed Quantity v Quality Life with Physician†
Yes	70 (68)	18 (17)	3 (3)	12 (12)	0.001
No	155 (79)	35 (18)	2 (1)	4 (2)
Known Someone with Bad Death Because Too Much Care
	Discussed Quantity v Quality Life with Physician†
Yes	15 (58)	6 (23)	0 (0)	5 (19)	0.005
No	210 (77)	47 (17)	5 (2)	11 (4)
Known Someone with Bad Death Because Too Little Care
	Living Will
Yes	9 (16)	6 (11)	2 (4)	39 (70)	0.004
No	70 (28)	49 (20)	13 (5)	116 (47)
	Healthcare Proxy‡
Yes	12 (21)	10 (18)	3 (5)	31 (55)	0.001
No	98 (40)	52 (21)	23 (9)	73 (30)
	Discussed Life-Sustaining Treatment with Loved Ones
Yes	7 (13)	4 (7)	3 (5)	42 (75)	0.004
No	76 (31)	22 (9)	12 (5)	138 (56)
	Discussed Quantity v Quality Life with Loved Ones*
Yes	15 (27)	4 (7)	2 (4)	35 (63)	0.009
No	107 (43)	26 (11)	6 (2)	108 (44)
Loved One Died with Wishes Known
	Discussed Life-Sustaining Treatment with Loved Ones
Yes	21 (18)	10 (9)	3 (3)	82 (71)	0.002
No	62 (33)	16 (9)	12 (6)	98 (52)
	Discussed Quantity v Quality Life with Loved Ones*
Yes	36 (31)	14 (12)	4 (3)	62 (53)	0.03
No	86 (46)	16 (9)	4 (2)	81 (43)
	Discussed Quantity v Quality Life with Physician†
Yes	79 (70)	21 (19)	2 (2)	11 (10)	0.01
No	146 (78)	32 (17)	3 (2)	5 (3)

PC=pre-contemplation, C=contemplation, PR=preparation, A=action, M=maintenance

^*Data missing for one participant.

^†Data missing for five participants.

^‡Data missing for two participants.