. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Exp Child Psychol. 2014 May 27;126:37–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.02.012

Table 5.

Results of hierarchical multiple regression models for predicting scores on the Math Problem Solving subtest of the WIAT

		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients

Model 1 (Initial)	Variable	β	SE	β	t	p	Partial r	F	df	sig.^† ΔF	adj. R²	Δ adj. R²
	Constant	4.467	3.983		1.122	.270

Step 1								32.57^*	2, 38	<.001	.612	.612
	PPVT	0.036	0.029	0.137	1.233	.226	.207
	SES^††	1.039	0.425	0.276	2.448	.020	.387

Step 2								21.98^*	4, 36	.014	.677	.065
	FIST	0.017	0.157	0.013	0.111	.912	.019
	Tap Test	0.256	0.108	0.234	2.374	.023	.377

Step 3								22.33^*	6, 34	.002	.762	.085
	VMI	0.422	0.230	0.216	1.837	.075	.301
	TOSA	1.546	0.644	0.284	2.401	.022	.381

Model 2

	Constant	3.503	4.144		0.85	.404

Step 1								29.88^*	1, 40	<.001	.413	.413
	PPVT	0.050	0.030	0.193	1.69	.100	.270

Step 2								19.45^*	3, 38	.001	.575	.162
	FIST	0.142	0.157	0.105	0.90	.372	.149
	Tap Test	0.258	0.115	0.235	2.24	.031	.350

Step 3								22.47^*	5, 36	<.001	.724	.149
	VMI	0.465	0.244	0.239	1.91	.064	.303
	TOSA	1.889	0.602	0.360	3.14	.003	.464

Model 3 (Final)

	Constant	3.11	3.88	-	.802	.427	-

Step 1								17.41^*	2, 41	<.001	.433	.433
	FIST	0.249	0.145	0.189	1.72	.093	.266
	Tap Test	0.301	0.112	0.270	2.70	.010	.397

Step 2								26.61^*	4, 39	<.001	.704	.271
	VMI	0.539	0.181	0.320	2.98	.005	.430
	TOSA	1.779	0.605	0.346	2.94	.005	.426

Notes: F value significant at p<.001 level.

^†

“sig ΔF” is the p-value of the change in F for a given step of the regression.

^††

the SES variable used is mothers’ education level