Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Neurosci. 2014 Mar 27;40(1):2264–2273. doi: 10.1111/ejn.12571

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Timelines for quantifying changes in recovery and induction time caused by manipulating GABA levels in the pontine reticular nucleus, oral part (PnO). Elapsed time (t) in min is indicated above each time line. After induction of anesthesia with isoflurane (A) rats received a microinjection of Ringer’s (vehicle control), nipecotic acid (NPA), or 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) into the PnO. Anesthesia was maintained for 30 min after induction. Isoflurane delivery then was discontinued, rats were placed in a supine position, and recovery from anesthesia was quantified as the time to Resumption of Righting Response (RoRR). For quantification of induction time with propofol (B), rats received a microinjection of Ringer’s or drug (NPA or 3-MPA) during wakefulness. Fifteen min after the end of the microinjection, continuous intravenous infusion of propofol began and the time to induction was quantified as the time to Loss of Righting Response (LoRR). For quantification of recovery time after propofol anesthesia (C), the timeline and procedures were the same as in the isoflurane experiments.