Table 1.

Intervention types identified by searches (N=64).

Intervention type	Description	n (%)
Information or education-based	Printed materials; videotapes; individual sessions with a nurse; group sessions	12 (19)
Telephone-based	Reminder calls; support for adherence or side effects	8 (13)
Provision of feedback about medication adherence or clinical outcomes	Data shared with subject by physician or nurse on adherence or changes in clinical outcomes	7 (11)
Multi-modal	Combination of intervention approaches	7 (11)
Peer-based	Peer health advisers or counselors; designated friend or family member for support	6 (9)
Incentives or contracts	Contracts or cash incentives for kept appointments or pills taken	6 (9)
Changes in the structure of pill delivery	Blister packs; multiple pill packs at a time; digital timepiece on pill vial; directly observed therapy	6 (9)
Counseling or motivational interviewing	Provided by trained counselors, nurses, or an “expert” computer program	5 (8)
Short message service (SMS) or interactive voice response system (IVRS)	Adherence reminders; computer system to provide adherence support or collect clinical information	4 (6)
Self-monitoring of clinical outcomes	Taking blood pressure at home	3 (5)