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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 18;135(6):1454–1469. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28785

Table 3.

Association between infectious, autoimmune, and allergic diseases in (full and half) siblings and childhood and adolescent Hodgkin lymphoma overall and by EBV status*,†

Combined cases EBV+ EBV−
Ncontrols Ncases OR‡ 95% CI Ncontrols Ncases OR‡ 95% CI Ncontrols Ncases OR‡ 95% CI
Infectious diseases in siblings
Any infectious disease‡ 615 441 2.04 1.01, 4.14 126 74 1.79 0.47, 6.83 307 234 1.70 0.60, 4.79
 None 35 12 Ref 10 4 Ref 14 6 Ref
Number of siblings with
infectious disease‡
 0 35 12 Ref 10 4 Ref 14 6 Ref
 1 - 2 517 337 1.89 0.93, 3.85 105 56 1.69 0.43, 6.68 256 177 1.61 0.57, 4.57
 3 - 4 81 84 3.45 1.52, 7.84 21 15 4.55 0.78, 26.55 38 45 2.75 0.83, 9.08
 5+ 17 20 4.49 1.42, 14.21 0 3 - - 13 12 2.59 0.62, 13.00
P trend 0.0006 0.02 0.11
Infectious mononucleosis 28 20 0.97 0.50, 1.88 10 5 0.91 0.24, 3.49 12 10 0.87 0.34, 2.25
 None 622 433 Ref 126 73 Ref 309 230 Ref
Whooping cough 12 11 1.51 0.61, 3.73 2 2 0.84 0.11, 6.38 6 5 1.33 0.35, 5.01
 None 638 442 Ref 134 76 Ref 315 235 Ref
Strep or sore throat/Scarlet
fever/Tonsillitis		 502 346 0.94 0.69, 1.29 100 55 0.77 0.37, 1.60 256 188 0.92 0.59, 1.43
 None 148 107 Ref 36 23 Ref 65 52 Ref
Spinal meningitis 9 9 1.51 0.56, 4.09 2 1 0.55 0.04, 8.01 6 0 - -
 None 641 444 Ref 134 77 Ref 315 240 Ref
Chicken pox 504 366 1.20 0.87, 1.66 99 59 1.08 0.54, 2.19 251 202 1.45 0.90, 2.34
 None 146 87 Ref 37 19 Ref 70 38 Ref
Cold sores 86 71 1.15 0.80, 1.66 23 13 1.08 0.48, 2.46 33 38 1.57 0.93, 2.65
 None 564 382 Ref 113 65 Ref 288 202 Ref
Red measles 22 28 1.47 0.81, 2.67 2 6 3.22 0.57, 18.36 15 13 0.94 0.42, 2.07
 None 628 425 Ref 134 72 Ref 306 227 Ref
German measles 39 44 1.58 0.98, 2.54 10 9 2.69 0.86, 8.43 19 21 1.44 0.71, 2.92
 None 611 409 Ref 126 69 Ref 302 219 Ref
Roseola 73 60 1.28 0.86, 1.91 17 5 0.52 0.16, 1.67 40 41 1.42 0.85, 2.37
 None 577 393 Ref 119 73 Ref 281 199 Ref
Mumps 28 36 1.32 0.77, 2.26 2 6 5.72 0.92, 35.54 15 20 1.39 0.69, 2.81
 None 622 417 Ref 134 72 Ref 306 220 Ref
Ringworm/Athlete’s foot 76 86 1.50 1.04, 2.15 9 17 3.44 1.22, 9.64 41 45 1.29 0.78, 2.13
 None 574 367 Ref 127 61 Ref 280 195 Ref
Thrush 73 57 1.23 0.83, 1.84 17 13 2.88 1.06, 7.82 32 32 1.37 0.78, 2.43
 None 577 396 Ref 119 65 Ref 289 208 Ref
Macroparasites 52 39 1.03 0.64, 1.65 11 7 1.49 0.47, 2.67 28 17 0.70 0.35, 1.39
 None 598 414 Ref 125 71 Ref 293 223 Ref
Ear infections 431 324 1.39 1.04, 1.86 85 51 2.21 1.04, 4.69 213 182 1.52 1.02, 2.27
 None 219 129 Ref 51 27 Ref 108 58 Ref
Croup 90 64 1.02 0.69, 1.49 22 9 0.52 0.20, 1.36 45 35 0.90 0.53, 1.53
 None 560 389 Ref 114 69 Ref 276 205 Ref
Bronchiolitis/Bronchitis 175 139 1.22 0.91, 1.65 33 22 1.19 0.57, 2.53 89 82 1.34 0.89, 2.00
 None 475 314 Ref 103 56 Ref 232 158 Ref
Pneumonia 96 89 1.25 0.88, 1.78 20 15 0.86 0.37, 2.02 54 52 1.15 0.70, 1.88
 None 554 364 Ref 116 63 Ref 267 188 Ref
UTI 73 55 1.09 0.72, 1.64 16 8 1.26 0.46, 3.42 37 29 1.01 0.56, 1.83
 None 577 398 Ref 120 70 Ref 284 211 Ref
Impetigo 74 71 1.23 0.85, 1.78 17 11 1.12 0.46, 2.72 38 43 1.29 0.77, 2.15
 None 576 382 Ref 119 67 Ref 283 197 Ref
Other skin infections 16 12 1.07 0.46, 2.49 4 4 2.89 0.51, 16.37 8 5 0.99 0.30, 3.28
 None 634 441 Ref 132 74 Ref 313 235 Ref
Other infectious diseases 59 47 1.24 0.82, 1.88 14 7 0.95 0.32, 2.81 28 22 1.13 0.62, 2.06
 None 591 406 Ref 122 71 Ref 293 218 Ref
Autoimmune diseases in
siblings
Any autoimmune disease§ 16 8 0.59 0.24, 1.46 0 1 - - 7 5 0.74 0.21, 2.63
 None 634 445 Ref 136 77 Ref 314 235 Ref
Arthritis 7 5 1.00 0.29, 3.44 0 1 - - 4 2 0.64 0.11, 3.91
 None 643 448 Ref 136 77 Ref 317 238 Ref
Allergic diseases in siblings
Any allergy∥ 246 197 1.21 0.93, 1.59 56 30 0.61 0.30, 1.24 116 116 1.62 1.11, 2.36
 None 404 256 Ref 80 48 Ref 205 124 Ref
Number of siblings with
allergies∥
 0 404 256 Ref 80 48 Ref 205 124 Ref
 1 181 146 1.18 0.87, 1.58 45 22 0.43 0.19, 0.98 86 90 1.72 1.14, 2.59
 2 53 39 1.24 0.75, 2.05 11 6 1.38 0.40, 4.72 24 18 1.10 0.52, 2.36
 3+ 12 12 1.86 0.76, 4.54 0 2 - - 6 8 2.22 0.69, 7.11
P trend 0.20 0.86 0.03
Asthma 87 72 1.27 0.89, 1.83 21 13 0.95 0.38, 2.41 43 41 1.39 0.86, 2.26
 None 563 381 Ref 115 65 Ref 278 199 Ref
Eczema 51 50 1.34 0.86, 2.09 11 7 1.15 0.39, 3.36 26 29 1.39 0.75, 2.58
 None 599 403 Ref 125 71 Ref 295 211 Ref
Hay fever 127 109 1.30 0.94, 1.78 26 18 1.14 0.51, 2.53 57 67 1.92 1.22, 3.03
 None 523 344 Ref 110 60 Ref 264 173 Ref
Hives 78 60 1.04 0.70, 1.53 13 8 1.55 0.55, 4.37 35 34 1.06 0.62, 1.81
 None 572 393 Ref 123 70 Ref 286 206 Ref
Contact dermatitis 26 14 0.80 0.39, 1.65 7 2 0.48 0.07, 3.08 10 8 1.31 0.44, 3.92
 None 624 439 Ref 129 76 Ref 311 232 Ref
Other allergy 54 40 1.24 0.77, 1.98 12 5 0.63 0.18, 2.20 23 32 2.39 1.25, 4.55
 None 596 413 Ref 124 73 Ref 298 208 Ref

CI = confidence interval ; OR = odds ratio; UTI = urinary tract infection

*

Numbers in tables may not sum to total number of cases/controls due to missing values.

†

ORs adjusted for household income at birth, mother’s education, and number of (full and half) siblings

‡

Any infectious disease and number of siblings with infectious disease include: tuberculosis, whooping cough, strep or sore throat/scarlet fever/tonsillitis, spinal meningitis, chicken pox, cold sores, red measles, German measles, roseola, hepatitis, mumps, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, ringworm/athelete’s foot, thrush, macroparasites, ear infections, rheumatic fever, croup, bronchiolitis/bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), impetigo, other skin infections, other infectious diseases. Less than five cases had one or more siblings with the individual infectious diseases: tuberculosis (1 case, 4 controls), hepatitis (2 cases, 3 controls), cytomegalovirus (1 case, 0 controls), rheumatic fever (1 case, 2 controls).

§

Any autoimmune disease variable includes: arthritis, diabetes, or any other autoimmune condition indicated by parent. Less than five cases had one or more siblings with diabetes (2 cases, 3 controls), psoriasis (0 cases, 4 controls), other autoimmune diseases (1 case, 3 controls).

∥

Any allergy and number of allergies variables include: asthma, eczema, hay fever, hives, contact dermatitis, other allergy.