Table 4.

NCMS protection against impoverishment owing to health expenditure and CHE

	Hubei			Chongqing			Zhejiang
	Households with members suffering from chronic diseases	Households without chronic diseases	p-value*	Households with members suffering from chronic diseases	Households without chronic diseases	p-value*	Households with members suffering from chronic diseases	Households without chronic diseases	p-value*
Poverty prevalence (N (%))
Pre-payment	72 (24.57%)	56 (16.47%)	p = 0.011	46 (18.40%)	34 (13.71%)	p = 0.154	15 (10.49%)	19 (7.57%)	p = 0.321
Post-payment	158 (53.92%)	82 (24.12%)	p < 0.001	115 (46.00%)	52 (20.97%)	p < 0.001	51 (35.66%)	29 (11.55%)	p < 0.001
Post-reimbursement	148 (50.51%)	79 (23.24%)	p < 0.001	107 (42.80%)	51 (20.56%)	p < 0.001	44 (30.77%)	28 (11.16%)	p < 0.001
CHE prevalence (N (%))
Post-payment	172 (58.70%)	52 (15.29%)	p < 0.001	116 (46.40%)	35 (14.11%)	p < 0.001	66 (46.15%)	23 (9.16%)	p < 0.001
Post-reimbursement	153 (52.22%)	44 (12.94%)	p < 0.001	106 (42.40%)	28 (11.29%)	p < 0.001	53 (37.06%)	17 (6.77%)	p < 0.001

*α = 0.05.