Table 4.

Changes from formative research and endline qualitative research results (based on Roger’s theory)

Themes of changes	Formative research	Endline qualitative research
Concern (predisposition)	Mothers and their husbands were concerned about the risk of not interacting directly with the providers when using mobile communication	Increased interaction with the providers through mobile eliminated the concern of not interacting directly
Attitude (predisposition)	Irritability from the provider’s side was the most common barrier for accessing health services through mobile phone	CSBAs were more active in responding mothers’ call
Access (infrastructure)	Husband’s ownership over the mobile was the main cause for poor accessibility of mothers to mobile services	Toll free mobile communication made services available at any hour of a day and every day of the week. Mothers didn’t require to wait for their husband anymore
Advantage on mothers’ mobility (Perceived advantages)	Lack of accessibility to maternal services were major problems in hard to reach areas during complications	For first stage complication management; communication between CSBA and SLG accelerated the complication management procedure
Awareness and mode of communication (Adoption)	Occasional mobile communication by mothers but it was not the norm	Increased mobile communication between CSBAs and mothers for maternal health problems

“↓” : Concern, attitude, access and advantage are leading to adoption of mobile phone communication. The results of formative research and endline relating to concern, attitude, access and advantage are causing ‘Occasional mobile communication by mothers but it was not the norm’ and ‘Increased mobile communication between CSBAs and mothers for maternal health problems’ respectively.