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. 2014 Jul 14;14:182. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-182

Table 2.

Comparison of mothers of children with typical development, mild conditions, and moderate/severe conditions on outcome variables

 
 Median [95% CI]
  
  
  Typical dev. condition Mild condition Moderate/ severe condition X2 (p-value) Effect size (η2)
Anxiety & depression
  
  
  
  
  
 HADS-A
 7.00 [5.50-8.00]
 7.00 [4.00-8.00]
 8.00 [5.00-10.00]
 2.11 (.35)
 .02
 HADS-D
 3.00 [2.00-4.00]
 2.00 [1.00-3.00]
 5.00 [4.00-9.00]
 12.43 (.002)*
 .11
Perceived stress
  
  
  
  
  
 PSS
 22.50 [19.00-25.00]
 21.00 [15.51-24.00]
 26.00 [20.00-30.00]
 4.93 (.08)
 .04
Marital strain
  
  
  
  
  
 KMSSa,b
 18.00 [17.00-18.00]
 18.00 [17.00-21.00]
 15.00 [12.00-18.00]
 8.12 (.017)*
 .09
 DASa,b
 115.00 [106.01-120.00]
 113.00 [105.00-122.00]
 105.00 [88.00-116.00]
 2.76 (.25)
 .05
Parent & family adaptation
  
  
  
  
  
PedsQL FIMa
  
  
  
  
  
 Totala
 78.13 [70.83-85.42]
 79.86 [71.53-88.19]
 53.47 [38.89-58.33]
 24.38 (<.001)*
 .22
 Parent HRQLa
 72.50 [67.50-80.00]
 81.25 [72.50-90.00]
 60.00 [49.37-65.00]
 12.08 (.002)*
 .11
 Family Functioninga 84.38 [70.31-90.63] 87.50 [65.63-100.00] 46.87 [34.38-62.42] 25.77 (<.001)* .23

Note. n = 56 for typical development, n = 29 for mild condition, and n = 27 for moderate/severe condition. Higher scores indicate poorer functioning unless specified otherwise. A η2 of .01 is a small effect, .06 is a medium effect, and .14 is a large effect [50].

*p-value is significant correcting for family-wise error rate (p < .025 for HADS, p < .025 for measures of marital strain, and p < .017 for PedsQL FIM).

aHigher scores indicate better functioning. bn = 45 for typical development, n = 27 for mild, and n = 24 for moderate/severe.