Table I.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics for Children With Oral Clefts and Unaffected Siblings
| Variable | Children with oral clefts | Unaffected siblings |
|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | |
| Cleft lip only | ||
| Yes | 101 (39.5) | |
| No | 155 (60.5) | |
| Cleft palate only | ||
| Yes | 50 (19.5) | |
| No | 206 (80.5) | |
| Cleft lip with palate | ||
| Yes | 105 (41.0) | |
| No | 151 (59.0) | |
| Male | ||
| Yes | 156 (60.9) | 206 (53.2) |
| No | 100 (39.1) | 181 (46.8) |
| Mother married | ||
| Yes | 195 (76.5) | 279 (72.3) |
| No | 60 (23.5) | 107 (27.7) |
| Missing | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-White or Hispanic | 13 (5.1) | 29 (7.5) |
| White/Non-Hispanic | 242 (94.5) | 356 (92.0) |
| Missing | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) |
| Maternal age | ||
| <20 years | 26 (10.1) | 43 (11.1) |
| 20–35 years | 205 (80.1) | 314 (81.1) |
| >35 years | 25 (9.8) | 30 (7.8) |
| Father’s age | ||
| <20 years | 8 (3.1) | 14 (3.6) |
| 20–35 years | 172 (67.2) | 259 (66.9) |
| >35 years | 44 (17.2) | 53 (13.7) |
| Missing | 32 (12.5) | 61 (15.8) |
| Maternal education | ||
| <High School | 34 (13.3) | 62 (16.0) |
| High school–Some college | 180 (70.3) | 269 (69.5) |
| ≥College | 39 (15.2) | 51 (13.2) |
| Missing | 3 (1.2) | 5 (1.3) |
| Father’s education | ||
| <High School | 9 (3.5) | 22 (5.7) |
| High school–Some college | 154 (60.2) | 207 (53.5) |
| ≥College | 36 (14.1) | 51 (13.1) |
| Missing | 57 (22.2) | 107 (27.7) |
| Maternal smoking | ||
| Yes | 61 (23.8) | 84 (21.7) |
| No | 195 (76.2) | 299 (77.3) |
| Missing | 0 | 4 (1.0) |
| Maternal alcohol consumption | ||
| Yes | 8 (3.1) | 15 (3.9) |
| No | 247 (96.5) | 366 (94.6) |
| Missing | 1 (0.4) | 6 (1.5) |
| Total observations | 256 | 387 |
Note. Because some affected children had more than one sibling in the analysis, the overall percentages (e.g., for parental education) are not exactly identical between these two groups.