Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies and interventions
| Number (N)* | Percentage (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Characteristics of the studies (n = 37) |
|
|
|
| Country where the intervention took place |
|
|
|
| |
United States |
34 |
92 |
| |
United Kingdom |
2 |
5 |
| |
Netherland |
1 |
3 |
| Design |
|
|
|
| |
Randomized controlled trial |
27 |
73 |
| |
Quasi-experimental |
10 |
27 |
| Years of publication |
|
|
|
| |
Before 2001 |
6 |
16 |
| |
2001-2006 |
16 |
43 |
| |
2007-2012 |
15 |
41 |
| Risk of bias |
|
|
|
| |
Low |
8 |
22 |
| |
Moderate |
16 |
43 |
| |
High |
13 |
35 |
| Number of participants |
159 (117)† |
7-529‡ |
|
|
Characteristics of the interventions (n = 39) |
|
|
|
| Ethnicity |
|
|
|
| |
African American |
13 |
33 |
| |
Latinos |
16 |
41 |
| |
Asiatic |
2 |
5 |
| |
Alaskan-Eskimos |
1 |
2 |
| |
Multiethnic group |
7 |
18 |
| Place where intervention took place |
|
|
|
| |
General Practice |
16 |
44 |
| |
Community Center |
12 |
33 |
| |
Home |
3 |
8 |
| |
Hospital |
1 |
3 |
| |
Other |
4 |
11 |
| Setting |
|
|
|
| |
One-on-one |
13 |
33 |
| |
Group |
17 |
44 |
| |
Both |
9 |
23 |
| Family invited to take part in the intervention |
|
|
|
| |
Yes |
12 |
31 |
| |
No |
27 |
69 |
| Delivery |
|
|
|
| |
Face-to-face |
27 |
69 |
| |
Telecommunication |
5 |
13 |
| |
Both |
7 |
18 |
| Number of teaching methods |
|
|
|
| |
1 |
7 |
18 |
| |
2 |
24 |
62 |
| |
3 or more |
8 |
26 |
| Teaching method* |
|
|
|
| |
Didactic |
32 |
82 |
| |
Goal-setting, dictated |
8 |
21 |
| |
Goal-setting, negotiated |
10 |
26 |
| |
Situational problem solving |
23 |
59 |
| |
Cognitive reframing |
7 |
18 |
| |
Other |
2 |
5 |
| Number of educational contents |
|
|
|
| |
One |
7 |
18 |
| |
Two |
5 |
13 |
| |
Three |
5 |
13 |
| |
Four of more |
22 |
56 |
| Educational Content |
|
|
|
| |
Diet |
33 |
85 |
| |
Exercise |
24 |
65 |
| |
Self-monitored blood glucose |
23 |
59 |
| |
Basic diabetes knowledge |
21 |
54 |
| |
Medication adherence |
11 |
28 |
| |
Psycho-social |
19 |
49 |
| |
Other |
11 |
28 |
| Number of educators |
|
|
|
| |
One |
18 |
46 |
| |
Two |
14 |
36 |
| |
Three or more |
4 |
10 |
| Educators |
|
|
|
| |
Nurse |
15 |
39 |
| |
Dietitian |
21 |
54 |
| |
Psychologist |
2 |
5 |
| |
Physician |
2 |
5 |
| |
Research team or staff |
4 |
10 |
| |
Other |
16 |
41 |
| |
Unclear/unspecified |
2 |
5 |
| Peer provider |
|
|
|
| |
Yes |
12 |
31 |
| |
No |
26 |
67 |
| Culturally adapted |
|
|
|
| |
Yes |
33 |
85 |
| |
No |
4 |
10 |
| |
Unclear/unspecified |
2 |
5 |
| Length of the interventions (months) |
8.2 (8.4)† |
0.25-48‡ |
|
| Length of the interventions (number of sessions) |
13.1 (13.6)† |
1-52‡ |
|
| Length of the sessions (minutes) |
90 (52.9)† |
14-240‡ |
|
| Length of the interventions (total hours of intervention) |
23.3 (36.7)† |
0.25-180‡ |
|
| Intensity (total hours of intervention per month) | 4.9 (6.9)† | 0.2-36‡ | |
*N is not equal to 37 for all variables, as some characteristics were not reported for all the interventions. †mean (sd); ‡min-max.