Table 2.
Overview of previously published cases and observational studies on lupus erythematosus with skin manifestations treated with rituximab-based BCDT
| Patient (sex/age, y.)a | Disease | Disease duration (y.) | Previous therapyb | BCDT regimen | Responsec | Relapse (mo. after BCDT) | Follow-up (mo.) | Maintenance therapy | Complications | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case reports | ||||||||||
| F/52 | SLE (vasculitis, urticaria) | 8 | HCQ, Pred, Aza, CPM, MTX, IVIG | 2 × 1 g RTX | CR | None | 4 | Pred < 15 mg | None | Risselada and Kallenberg18 |
| F/44 | SLE (ACLE) | 16 | HCQ, Pred, Aza, thalidomide | 2 × 1 g RTX | CR | None | 4 | Pred 12.5 mg | None | Risselada and Kallenberg18 |
| M/44 | SLE (SCLE) | 12 | HCQ, Pred, Aza, MMF | 2 × 1 g RTX | PR | None | 6 | None | None | Uthman et al.19 |
| F/22 | SLE (CCLE: LE profundus) | 0.5 | HCQ, Pred, CPM | 2 × 1 g RTX | CR | None | Not reported | HCQ, Pred | None | McArdle and Baker20 |
| F/48 | SCLE | 5 | HCQ, Pred, MTX, Aza, dapsone | 4 × 375 mg/m2 RTX | CR | 11f | 15 | HCQ | None | Kieu et al.21 |
| F/30 | SLE (ACLE) | 17 | HCQ, Pred, Aza | 2 × 1 g RTX | CR | 9f | 12 | Pred 7.5 mg | None | Kok et al.22 |
| F/61 | SLE (ACLE/ bullous SLE) | 8 | HCQ, Pred, MMF, Aza | 2 × 1 g RTX | CR | No | 6 | Pred 10 mg | None | Alsanafi et al.23 |
| F/54 | SCLE | Not specified | HCQ, Pred, MMF, thalidomide, IVIG, etanercept | 4 × 375 mg/m2 RTX | CR | <12f, yearly BCDT | 48 | Pred 5–10 mg | None | Cieza-Díaz et al.24 |
| F/37 | SCLE | 3 | HCQ, Pred, Aza | 4 × 375 mg/m2 RTX | CR | Yearly BCDT | 20 | HCQ | None | Cieza-Díaz et al.24 |
| F/28 | SLE (SCLE) | 0.5 | HCQ, Pred | 4 × 375 mg/m2 RTX | PR | Yearly BCDT | un known | Pred 10–20 mg, HCQ | None | Cieza-Díaz et al.24 |
| Observational retrospective studies | ||||||||||
| Six children | SLE with cutaneous lesions | Mean 3.9 | i.v.-MP, CPM, MMF or Aza | 2 × 750 mg/m2 RTX | 3/6 (50.0%) CRd 2/6 (33.3%) PR 1/6 (16.6%) SD | Not specified | 12 (mean) | Pred ± MMF or Aza | None | Marks et al.25 |
| 16 Adult patients | SLE with cutaneous lesions | Mean 8.9 | HCQ, Pred, various immunosuppressants | 2 × 1 g RTX + CPM 750 mg | 9/16 (56.3%) CR4 5/16 (31.3%) PR 2/16 (12.5%) SD | Not specified | 6 (mean) | Not specified | One patient died of adult respiratory distress syndrome | Lu et al.9 |
| 61 Adult patients | SLE with cutaneous lesions | Mean 10.4 | HCQ, Pred, various immunosuppressants | 2 × 1 g RTX or 4 × 375 mg/m2 | 29/61 (47.5%) CRe 14/61 (23.0%) PR 18/61 (29.5%) SD | Not specified | 6 ± 3 months (mean) | Not specified | Not specified | Terrier et al.11 |
F: female; M: male;
HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; Pred: oral prednisolone; Aza: azathioprine; MTX: methotrexate; CPM: cyclophosphamide, MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulins; MP: methylprednisolone; cCR: complete remission; PR: partial remission, SD, stable disease;
CR of cutaneous lesions: British Isles Lupus Assessment (BILAG) A or B → BILAG D after rituximab (RTX); PR of cutaneous lesions: BILAG A or B → BILAG C;
CR of cutaneous lesions: disappearance of baseline manifestations; PR ≥ 50% improvement; fCR achieved after retreatment with another cycle of B-cell depletion therapy (BCDT).