Table 2. Baseline characteristics of follow-up pregnancy and birth groups of women parous at baseline stratified by race, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, 1985–1996.
| Baseline characteristic | Follow-up pregnancy and birth group (end of follow-up) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Blacks parous at baseline (n = 474) | Whites parous at baseline (n = 172) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
| P0: no pregnancies (n = 221) |
P1: one or more short pregnancies (n = 54) |
B1: one birth (n = 144) |
B2: two or more births (n = 55) |
p value | P0: no pregnancies (n = 79) |
P1: one or more short pregnancies (n = 23) |
B1: one birth (n = 49) |
B2: two or more births (n = 21) |
p value | |
| Mean (standard deviation) | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 27.0 (3.1) | 25.9 (3.3) | 25.2 (3.6) | 23.5 (3.7) | 0.001 | 27.9 (2.3) | 26.0 (3.8) | 26.2 (3.2) | 25.7 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.6 (18.5) | 68.7 (19.0) | 68.2 (17.1) | 69.3 (21.3) | 0.35 | 68.4 (15.7) | 65.5 (10.5) | 62.1 (15.1) | 57.7 (6.8) | 0.008 |
| Height (cm) | 163.4 (6.5) | 163.3 (6.4) | 163.8 (6.8) | 163.6 (6.6) | 0.95 | 163.6 (6.9) | 166.0 (5.5) | 163.7 (6.0) | 165.1 (5.3) | 0.36 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9 (7.0) | 25.9 (7.4) | 25.4 (6.0) | 25.9 (7.2) | 0.22 | 25.6 (5.6) | 23.9 (4.4) | 23.2 (5.4) | 21.3 (2.9) | 0.003 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.2 (12.7) | 78.0 (14.5) | 76.0 (11.9) | 77.1 (15.1) | 0.14 | 78.6 (11.7) | 73.8 (8.1) | 72.2 (10.3) | 69.2 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| Plasma levels | ||||||||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 64.9 (30.3) | 63.4 (27.8) | 61.2 (22.7) | 75.5 (34.3) | 0.02 | 78.1 (43.3) | 81.9 (50.4) | 71.5 (31.7) | 60.0 (26.4) | 0.21 |
| HDL* cholesterol (mg/dl) | 54.0 (12.4) | 55.5 (12.6) | 56.1 (12.3) | 53.7 (13.8) | 0.38 | 48.9 (11.2) | 50.0 (12.7) | 51.9 (12.4) | 50.4 (8.6) | 0.57 |
| LDL* cholesterol (mg/dl) | 111.0 (31.8) | 107.8 (31.3) | 109.5 (24.8) | 111.2 (31.5) | 0.89 | 109.0 (30.8) | 100.0 (23.8) | 107.9 (26.5) | 102.9 (26.5) | 0.52 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 177.9 (32.7) | 175.9 (33.1) | 177.9 (28.4) | 180.0 (33.2) | 0.93 | 173.5 (30.4) | 166.3 (29.1) | 174.0 (27.6) | 165.2 (25.1) | 0.48 |
| Dietary intake (% kcal) | ||||||||||
| Total fat | 36.5 (6.4) | 38.0 (5.4) | 37.7 (5.6) | 38.5 (6.2) | 0.06 | 36.7 (6.6) | 36.6 (6.1) | 36.8 (5.1) | 38.2 (5.5) | 0.77 |
| Saturated fat | 6.0 (1.3) | 6.2 (1.2) | 6.3 (1.3) | 6.5 (1.3) | 0.03 | 6.3 (1.5) | 6.6 (1.3) | 6.4 (1.4) | 6.6 (1.3) | 0.80 |
| Carbohydrate | 49.6 (7.8) | 47.3 (6.9) | 47.6 (7.4) | 46.4 (8.4) | 0.007 | 48.1 (8.6) | 47.0 (7.7) | 47.0 (6.6) | 45.9 (4.4) | 0.61 |
| Protein | 13.4 (2.7) | 14.0 (2.3) | 14.4 (2.7) | 14.4 (3.1) | 0.003 | 14.9 (2.9) | 14.6 (2.9) | 15.9 (3.3) | 15.0 (2.2) | 0.26 |
| Physical activity score† | 216.0 (288.0) | 181.0 (292.0) | 225.5 (299.0) | 195.0 (360.0) | 0.66 | 288.0 (334.0) | 294.0 (255.0) | 298.0 (255.0) | 252.0 (198.0) | 0.83 |
| Alcohol intake† (ml/day) | 0 (8.2) | 1.2 (7.6) | 0 (4.8) | 0 (7.2) | 0.32 | 0 (4.9) | 0 (15.2) | 2.4 (7.6) | 2.4 (11.9) | 0.22 |
| No. (%) | ||||||||||
| Overweight (body mass index >25) | 116 (52.5) | 25 (46.3) | 61 (42.4) | 23 (41.8) | 0.21 | 38 (48.1) | 7 (30.4) | 10 (20.4) | 1 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Education | 0.14 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| High school or less | 134 (60.6) | 27 (50.0) | 69 (47.9) | 34 (61.8) | 47 (59.5) | 13 (56.5) | 22 (44.9) | 8 (38.1) | ||
| Some college | 72 (32.6) | 21 (38.9) | 58 (40.3) | 14 (25.5) | 25 (31.7) | 8 (34.8) | 15 (30.6) | 3 (14.3) | ||
| College graduate | 15 (6.8) | 6 (11.1) | 17 (11.8) | 7 (12.7) | 7 (8.8) | 2 (8.7) | 12 (24.5) | 10 (47.6) | ||
| Smoking | 0.25 | 0.42 | ||||||||
| Never | 109 (49.3) | 26 (48.2) | 79 (54.9) | 31 (56.4) | 36 (45.6) | 6 (26.1) | 27 (55.1) | 10 (47.6) | ||
| Past | 26 (11.8) | 4 (7.4) | 20 (13.9) | 2 (3.6) | 16 (20.2) | 5 (21.7) | 9 (18.4) | 4 (19.1) | ||
| Current | 86 (38.9) | 24 (44.4) | 45 (31.3) | 22 (40.0) | 27 (34.2) | 12 (52.2) | 13 (26.5) | 7 (33.3) | ||
| Dieting to lose weight | 0.05 | 0.12 | ||||||||
| Never | 136 (61.5) | 36 (66.7) | 88 (61.1) | 44 (80.0) | 27 (34.2) | 12 (52.2) | 23 (46.9) | 10 (47.6) | ||
| Past | 70 (31.7) | 12 (22.2) | 38 (26.4) | 7 (12.7) | 42 (53.2) | 6 (26.1) | 19 (38.8) | 11 (52.4) | ||
| Current | 15 (6.8) | 6 (11.1) | 18 (12.5) | 4 (7.3) | 10 (12.7) | 5 (21.7) | 7 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Oral contraceptive use | <0.001 | 0.11 | ||||||||
| Never | 37 (16.7) | 7 (13.0) | 12 (8.3) | 3 (5.5) | 10 (12.7) | 1 (4.3) | 7 (14.3) | 7 (33.3) | ||
| Past | 138 (62.4) | 26 (48.1) | 67 (46.5) | 23 (41.8) | 55 (69.6) | 18 (78.3) | 29 (59.2) | 10 (47.6) | ||
| Current | 46 (20.8) | 21 (38.9) | 65 (45.2) | 29 (52.7) | 14 (17.7) | 4(17.4) | 13 (26.5) | 4 (19.1) | ||
*
HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
†
Values expressed as median (interquartile range); Kruskal-Wallis test: nonparametric one-way tests to assess differences among groups.